Spinal Cord Lesions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Spinal Cord Lesions Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the causes of hypotonia?

A

If any part of the monosynaptic stretch reflex arc is interruped.
Occurs in cerebellar disease as a result of diminished influence on the γ motor neurons from cerebellum.

2
Q

What are the causes of hypertonia?

A

Lesion involving the supraspinal centers or their descending tracts but not the corticospinal tract.
Or it may be due local excitation of stretch reflex by sensory irritation at segental level.

3
Q

What are tremors?

A

Rhythmic involuntary movements that result from contraction of opposing muscle roups.

4
Q

What are the categories of tremors?

A

Resting tremors

Action tremors

5
Q

What are resting tremors?

A

Resting tremor occurs when the muscle is relaxed, such as when the hands are resting on the lap.

6
Q

What are action tremors?

A

Action tremor occurs with the voluntary movement of a muscle.

7
Q

What is intention tremor?

A

Intention tremor is produced with purposeful movement toward a target, such as lifting a finger to touch the nose. Typically the tremor will become worse as an individual gets closer to their target.

8
Q

What is postural tremor?

A

Postural tremor occurs when a person maintains a position against gravity, such as holding the arms outstretched.

9
Q

What is kinetic tremor?

A

Kinetic tremor is associated with any voluntary movement, such as moving the wrists up and down or closing and opening the eyes.

10
Q

What is task-specific tremor?

A

Task-specific tremor only appears when performing highly-skilled, goal-oriented tasks such as handwriting or speaking.

11
Q

What is isometric tremor?

A

Isometric tremor occurs during a voluntary muscle contraction that is not accompanied by any movement such as holding a heavy book or a dumbbell in the same position.

12
Q

What are spasms?

A

Spasms are sudden, involuntary contractions of large group of muscles.
Examples are seen in paraplegia and are due to lesions involving the descending tracts (not the corticospinal tracts)

13
Q

What is athetosis?

A

Involuntary, disrhythmic, slow, continuous movements that are same in the same patients and disappear during sleep. They impede voluntary movements. It happens in lesions.

14
Q

What happens in athetosis?

A

Lesion of corpus striatum

15
Q

What is chorea?

A

Involuntary, continuous, rapid, jerky, coarse, purposeless movements that occur in sleep. It is due to corpus striatum lesions.

16
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Frequent, maintained contractions of hypertonic muscles, leading to bizarre postures. It occurs due to lesions of lentiform nucleus