Cerebellum chapter

Question 1

what nucleus is present in the vermis?

Answer 1

fastigial nucleus

Question 2

what nuclei is in the intermediate hemisphere

Answer 2

interposed nucleus
- globose nucleus
- emboliform nucleus

Question 3

what nucleus is in the lateral hemisphere

Answer 3

dentate nucleus

Question 4

these characteristic folds termed _____ are equivalent to the gyri of the cerebral cortex

Answer 4

folia

Question 5

what do folia do?

Answer 5

vastly increase the amount of cerebellar cortex that can be packed into the posterior cranial fossa.

Question 6

the cerebellar cortex is organized into groups of folia, termed ______, that are separated from one another by fissures

Answer 6

lobules

Question 7

anatomists recognize ____ lobules

Answer 7

10 lobules

Question 8

primary fissure separates the

Answer 8

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Question 9

the _____________ fissure separates the flocculonodular lobe and posterior lobe.

Answer 9

posterolateral fissure

Question 10

the anterior lobe is important for

Answer 10

execution and control of limb and trunk movements

Question 11

the posterior lobe is important for

Answer 11

movement planning and in the nonmotor functions of the cerebellum

Question 12

the flocculonodular lobe is important for

Answer 12

maintaining balance and controlling eye movements

Question 13

what are the names of the deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 13

fastigial nucleus

globose nucleus
emboliform nucleus

dentate nucleus

Question 14

the superior cerebellar peduncle contains mostly _______

Answer 14

efferent axons

Question 15

the middle cerebellar peduncle contains only

Answer 15

afferent axons

Question 16

the inf cerebellar peduncle contains

Answer 16

both afferent and efferent

Question 17

there are two major sets of inputs to the cerebellum

Answer 17

climbing fibres
mossy fibres

Question 17

climbing fibres originate in:

climbing fibres synapse on:

Answer 17

single nucleus - the inferior olivary nucleus

purkinje neurons

Question 18

mossy fibres originate from

Answer 18

different brain stem and spinal cord nuclei.

Question 19

in the cortex, climbing fibres synapse on purkinje neurons which generate a cerebellar cortex ____

Answer 19

output signal by projecting to neurons in the deep nuclei

Question 20

true or false the purkinje neurons is an inhibitory projection neuron

Answer 20

true

Question 21

the cerebellum has 3 functional divisions each consisting of the cerebellar cortex and on or more deep nuclei

true or false?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what are the functional divisions of the cerebellum?

true or false?
each functional division of the cerebellum uses the same basic circuit for tasks but differs from others with respect to the specific input sources and the structures it projects to

Answer 22

1. vermis
2. intermediate hemisphere
3. lateral hemisphere

true

Question 23

the spinocerebellum comprises the

Answer 23

vermis and intermediate hemisphere of both ant and post lobes

as well as the fastigial and interposed deep nuclei

Question 24

the spinocerebellum is important in controlling the

Answer 24

posture, and movements of the trunk and limbs

Question 25

the cerebrocerebellum receives input directly or indirectly from the cerebral cortex?

Answer 25

indirectly (via a synapse in the pontine nuclei)

Question 25

the cerebrocerebellum plays a part in

Answer 25

planning of movement and nonmotor functions

Question 26

the cerebrocerebellum division consists of

Answer 26

the lateral hemisphere (almost entirely located in post lobe) and the dentate nucleus

Question 27

the vestibulocerebellum recieves input directly from?

Answer 27

- the vestibular labyrinth - the vestibular nuclei

Question 28

the vestibulocerebellum corresponds to what division?

Answer 28

the flocculonodular lobe, no deep cerebellar nucleus for this tract instead its the vestibular nuclei that serves a similar role

Question 29

true or false the spinocerebellum has somatotopic organization

Answer 29

true

Question 30

the vermis for the spinocerebellum controls

Answer 30

axial and proximal muscles

Question 31

the intermediate hemisphere for the spinocerebellum controls

Answer 31

limb muscles

Question 32

the dorsal spinocerebellar tract originates from _________ and transmits ________ info ____________

Answer 32

clarkes nucleus sensory info from the leg and lower trunk to the cerebellar nuclei and cortex

Question 33

the cuneocerebellar tract originates from _______ it transmits ______ info ________

Answer 33

the accessory cuneate nucleus sensory info from the upper arm and upper trunk.

Question 34

____ and _____ produce limb and trunk control impairments by causing degeneration in these ascending cerebellar pathways

Answer 34

fredreich ataxia

Question 35

for limb control where do the spinocerebellar axons synapse? also projects to neurons of the _________ where purkinje neurons project to the interposed nuclei

Answer 35

interposed nuclei intermediate hemisphere

Question 36

the interposed nuclei project from the cerebellum ________

Answer 36

through the superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 37

the axons of both dorsal spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar travel through _______ peduncle

Answer 37

inferior cerebellar peduncle *they are examples of mossy fibres, forming connections w/ diverse cerebellar neurons

Question 38

the major function of the spinocerebellum is control of

Answer 38

body musculature

Question 39

true or false the spinocerebellum has a somatotopic organization

Answer 39

true vermis: axial and proximal muscles intermediate hemisphere: limb muscles

Question 40

the axons of both _______ and ___________ travel through the inferior peduncle

Answer 40

DSCT: Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract AND CCT: Cuneocerebellar tract

Question 41

the DSCT and CCT are examples of ________ fibres

Answer 41

mossy fibres

Question 42

the ___ synapse on the neurons of the interposed nuclei and to intermediate hemisphere where purkinjie neurons project to the interposed nuclei

Answer 42

the spinocerebellar axons

Question 43

what are the lateral descending pathways

Answer 43

- rubrospinal - lateral corticospinal tracts

Question 44

what are the medial descending pathways

Answer 44

reticulospinal tract vestibulospinal tract

Question 45

the major input to the cerebrocerebellum is from wide spread areas of the ______ cerebral cortex. this projection is relayed by neurons in the _______ ________ nuclei via the _____ peduncle

Answer 45

contralateral ipsilateral pontine nuclei middle cerebellar peduncle