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KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS > LEC > Flashcards

LEC Flashcards

lec deck (53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two types of cells

A
  1. neurons (nerve cells)
  2. glial cells
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2
Q

true or false neurons communicate via chemical synaptic transmissions

A

true

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3
Q

what are the following neuron types:

B1:
B2:
B3:

A

B1: Unipolar
B2: Bipolar
B3: Multipolar

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4
Q

which neurons are least common

A

unipolar and bipolar

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5
Q

microglial cell function

A

scavenger function, example microglial cells will remove debre when the Nervous tissue cuts off blood supply and the cells die, ex stroke pt.

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6
Q

types of the macroglial cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes –> CNS
  2. Oligodendrocytes –> CNS
  3. Schwann cells –> PNS
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7
Q

what is the difference between oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

A

oligodendrocytes :
- attaches to little chunks of multiple cells.
- part of the CNS

schwann cells :
- Attach to one axon one cells
- part of PNS

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8
Q

What is the role of astrocytes?

A
  • supportive cells
  • bridge Neuro and Vasculature
  • contribute to the bbb
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9
Q

SYNAPTIC COMMUNICATION:
neurotransmitters

A. excitatory
B. Inhibition
c. excitation + inhibition

A

a. Na+ enters
- glutamate : most common
- acetylcholine
- positive AP

b. Cl- enters
- GABA: most common in brain
- Glycine: most common in spinal cord
- negative AP

c. -AP (PG 10)

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10
Q

WHAT are the 7 regions of the brain

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon
  3. midbrain
  4. pons
    5 cerebellum
  5. medulla
  6. spinal cord
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11
Q

what are the 5 vesicle stages and what are they known for

A
  1. telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon: thalamus + hypothalamus
  3. mesencephalon: midbrain
  4. metencephalon: pons
  5. myelencephalon: medulla
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12
Q

what are the three main functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. sensory + motor control of the limbs and trunk
  2. conduit (channel) for ascending sensory and descending motor tracts
  3. regulation of visceral functions
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13
Q

what are the primary functions of the brain stem (hindbrain + midbrain) ?

A
  1. conduit (channel) for ascending sensory and descending motor tracts
  2. sensory and motor control (brachial plexus) of the head
  3. integration of info for control of arousal and other higher order brain functions
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14
Q

functions of the cerebellum ?

A
  1. Co-ordination of eye and head movements
  2. Control of posture and balance
  3. Motor learning
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15
Q

functions of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus:
- relay info to cerebral cortex

hypothalamus:
- regulate
-ANS (autonomic nervous system)
- of hormones

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16
Q

true or false? ALL sensory info will have a thalamic relay except smell

A

true no thalamic relay

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17
Q

functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  • planning & production of movement, speech, cognition, and emotions
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18
Q

functions of the parietal lobe?

A

somatosensory perception of touch, pain and limb position

how to remember: PPPPPPParietal = Pain

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19
Q

functions of the occipital lobe?

A
  • visual perception
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20
Q

functions of the temporal lobe?

A

visual perception
auditory perception
memory and emotions

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21
Q

functions of the hippocampus?

A

learning and memory

located in temporal lobe

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22
Q

functions of the amygdala?

Study These Flashcards
A

emotions and fight/ flight responses

located in temporal lobe

23
Q

functions of basal ganglia

Study These Flashcards
A

movement, cognition, and emotions

  • motor control
  • learning for patterns and sequences
24
Q

anterior circulation of the CNS

25
posterior circulation of the CNS
vertebral arteries
26
what is the importance of the circle of willis
- distribution of blood is evenly done - if there is a partial blockage of flow there is compensation and blood can still reach. the brain it can allow blood flow to continue if major vessel is blocked on one side of the art
27
what arteries make the circle of willis
- ant cerebral art - post cerebral art - internal carotid art
28
what are the two branches of the middle cerebral art
1. superficial (cortical) branches 2. deep (lenticulostriate) branches
29
name the type of stroke: blockage of blood flow by plaque (embolus) or a blood clot (thrombosis)
ischemic stroke blockage / blood clot
30
name the type of stroke: rupture of a weak blood vessel, usually from small perforating arteries
intracerebral hemorrhage rupture of blood vessel
31
name the type of stroke: - vessel wall weakining then balloon bursts - rupture of a balloon-like swelling of an arterial wall
Aneurysm wall weaking --> balloon
32
the cervical spinal cord is supplied by what?
ant spinal art post spinal art radicuar art
33
the thoracic lumbar and sacral spinal cord is supplied by what?
radicualr art
34
what is an a name for an important radicular art
Artery of Adamkiewick
35
midbrain vasculature
post cerebral art basilar art
36
pons vasculature
superior cerebellar art (SCA) Basilar art AICA (ant in cerebellar art)
37
upper medulla vasculature
PICA Vertebral art
38
Lower medulla vasculature
post spinal art vertebral art anterior spinal art
39
cerebellum vasculature and specific location rostral, middle, caudal
ROSTRAL: SCA MIDDLE: AICA CAUDAL: PICA
40
Why are there white striations seen on the pons
form for the connection of the cerebellum to the brain stem, they are unique to the pons
41
group 1 and 2 fibres sensory afferents=
large diameter faster conduction terminate in deeper layers of dorsal horn ex) - mechanoreceptors (touch, proprioception, position) - pacinian corpuscles - GTO - Ruffinis corpuscles - Messner receptors - Merkels receptors
42
group 3 and 4 fibres sensory afferent=
small diameter slower conduction terminate in superficial layers of dorsal horn ex) thermoreceptors nociceptors histamine
43
DCML transmits
touch, position sense (kinesthesis) = large diameter fibres faster conduction terminate in deeper layers of dorsal horn ex) - mechanoreceptors (touch, proprioception, position) - pacinian corpuscles - GTO - Ruffinis corpuscles - Messner receptors - Merkels receptors
44
anterolateral system transmits
temperature, pain, itch = small diameter slower conduction terminate in superficial layers of dorsal horn ex) thermoreceptors nociceptors histamine (itch)
45
muscle spindles are 1a or 1b?
1a) - postion sense - sensitive to stretch
46
GTO are 1a or 1b?
1b) - sense of muscle force (how to remember (tendons are at the end of each muslcle also considered bottom of each muscle, so = 1B)
47
48
49
50
muscle spindles are part of what tract
DCML
51
GTO are part of what tract?
DCML
52
53

KIN 301: Anatomy of CNS (9 decks)

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