Cerebral asymmetries

Question 1

cerebral asymmetries

Answer 1

left hemisphere (dominant)

right visual field

motor speech

speech perception

mathmatical ability

praxis (to make a complex skill, or activity)

right hemisphere

left visual field

visuospacial

haptics (touch information, identification)

musical ability

Question 2

speech perception and production

Answer 2

Pierre Paul Broca

Karl Wernicke

Broca’s aphasia

• speech production impairments (damage to left frontal)

Wernicke’s aphasia

• speech perception impairments (damage to left temporal)

Question 3

Disconnexion Syndrome and Conduction Aphasia

Answer 3

• understands speech, but unable to communicate properly (saying 1 word repetitively)

Arcuate fasiculus = bundle of axons connecting Wernicke’s to Broca’s area

arcuate fasiculus lesioned (disconnected)

Question 4

magnopyramidal neurons

Answer 4

• larger
• more dendritic trees
• more complex
• more in left hemisphere than right

Question 5

the split brain

Answer 5

• individuals that had epilepsy
• hemispheres are split, no communication between hemispheres
• left visual field is from left eye and right visual field is from right eye
• patients claim verbally not to have seen in the left visual field, yet indicates the identity of it with their left hand
• suggests that the left hemisphere is blind to the left visual field, while the right hemisphere (controlling the left hand) does perceive it

Question 6

apraxia

Answer 6

Apraxia is a high-level impairment of learned, skilled purposeful movement that cannot be explained by a language, comprehension, motor or sensory deficits

Ideomotor apraxia - understands how to perform the movements, but can’t move properly

Ideational apraxia - forgot how to perform the movement

Question 7

dyspraxia (acquired)

Answer 7

dyspraxia represents an inability to plan and process motor tasks and is typically observed in developmental settings

decreased activation of parietal networks during a visuomotor tracking task

Question 8

down syndrome

Answer 8

triplication of the 21 chromosome pair

persons with down syndrome have smaller and “rounder” corpus callosum

and show increased right hemisphere activation for speech perception

verbal-motor dissociation because of the inter-seperation of the speech production center and speech perception center

visual instructions are learned more quicker than verbal