Cerebral Cortex (Exam 4)

Question 1

projection fibers

Answer 1

to/from cortex and subcortical structures and spinal cord

Question 2

commissural fibers

Answer 2

connect homologous areas of R and L hemisphere

Question 3

association fibers

Answer 3

connect cortical regions within one hemisphere

Question 4

primary somatosensory cortical area (3,1,2)

Answer 4

discriminates shape, texture or size

Question 5

primary auditory (area 41)

Answer 5

conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch

Question 6

primary visual (17)

Answer 6

distinguishes intesnsity of light, shape, size and location

Question 7

primary vestibular (40)

Answer 7

discriminates among head positions and movements

Question 8

secondary somatosensory (5,7)

Answer 8

stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial environment

Question 9

secondary visual (18-21)

Answer 9

analysis of motion, color, control of visual fixation

Question 10

secondary auditory (22, 42)

Answer 10

classification of sounds

Question 11

Name the association corticies

Answer 11

dorsolateral prefrontal
parietotemporal association
ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal

Question 12

what does the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex do?

Answer 12

executive function
self awareness
social appropriateness

Question 13

what does the parietotemporal association cortex do?

Answer 13

sensory integration
understanding language
understanding spatial relationships

Question 14

what does the ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal cortices do?

Answer 14

impulse control
personality
ventral: regulates mood and affect
medial dorsal: regulates emotion and reaction to emotion

Question 15

what in the brain drives goal oriented behavior?

Answer 15

the association cortices

• deciding on a goal
• planning to accomplish the goal
• executing a plan
• monitoring the execution of the plan

Question 16

broca’s area’s jobs

Answer 16

motor programming of speech output

Question 17

which side is Broca’s area on?

Answer 17

L

Question 18

what does the area analogous to Broca’s on the opposite hemisphere do?

Answer 18

planning of nonverbal communication like emotional tone, gesturing, etc

Question 19

which side is the non-verbal broca’s usually on?

Answer 19

R

Question 20

What does Wernicke’s area do?

Answer 20

comprehension of speech on L side

interpretation of non verbal communicaition on R side

Question 21

where is the damage if u have homonymous hemianopsia?

Answer 21

primary visual cortex

Question 22

where is the damage if u have loss of tactile localization and conscious proprioception

Answer 22

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 23

agnosia

Answer 23

inability to recognize objects using only one specific sense

Question 24

astereognosis

Answer 24

inability to identify objects by touch and manipulation

Question 25

visual agnosia

Answer 25

inability to visually recognize objects despite having intact vision

Question 26

prospagnosia

Answer 26

inability to recognize faces

Question 27

auditory agnosia

Answer 27

cannot recognize sounds | unable to distinguish language vs. other sounds

Question 28

apraxia

Answer 28

inability to perform movement or sequence of movements despite intact motor output, cognition, sensation etc.

Question 29

broca's aphasia

Answer 29

impairments with speaking and writing but can understand u perfectly

Question 30

dysarthria

Answer 30

speech disorder due to problems with the actual musculature, paralysis incoordination or spasticity of mm used for speaking

Question 31

what does a problem with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex look like?

Answer 31

loss of exec. fxn loss of initiative loss of divergent thinking

Question 32

what does a problem with the parietotemporal association cortex look like?

Answer 32

``` difficulty with sensory integration can't handle new information effectively trouble with concrete thinking wernicke's aphasia (L) difficulty understanding non verbal communication (R) ```

Question 33

what does a problem with the ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association areas look like?

Answer 33

interferes wtih emotional responses impaired empathy,embarrassment,guilt,regret inappropriate and risky behavior impulsive, loses self control

Question 34

aphasia

Answer 34

probs with spoken language

Question 35

alexia

Answer 35

probls with comprehension of written language

Question 36

agraphia

Answer 36

inability to write

Question 37

can ppl wtih broca's aphasia usually read?

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

which aphasia is it where a person is usually unaware of their impairment and can easilty output sound but it is meaningless to the conversation

Answer 38

Wernicke's aphasia--> bc they didn't comprehend what u were asking them

Question 39

can ppl with Wernicke's apahsia usually read?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

what disorder comes with a large lesion to the lateral L cerebrum and causes inability to comprehend or produce meaningful speecch

Answer 40

global aphasia

Question 41

what aphasia is it that damages neurons that connect Wernicke's and broca's areas

Answer 41

conduction aphasia

Question 42

what happens in non-dominant broca's or wernicke's aphasias?

Answer 42

>non dominant brocas- flat affect, no tone changes, no production of non-verbal communication >non dominant Wernicke's- can't understand ppl's gestures or expressions or tones

Question 43

describe classic symptoms of a L hemisphere stroke in the MCA?

Answer 43

hemiparesis/hemiplegia/hemisensory loss affecting R side language/speech disorders cautious behaviour hesitant to try new tasks

Question 44

classic symptoms of a R hemisphere stroke of the MCA?

Answer 44

hemiparesis/hemiplegia/hemisensory loss affecting L side L neglect unable to comprehend and produce emotional/ non verbal speech impulsive behavior unaware of deficits