Cerebral Hemisphere

Question 1

Forebrain anatomy

Answer 1

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus

Question 2

Forebrain function

Answer 2

Motor control, somatosensory processing, emotion, thoughts, planning, working memory (COGNITION)

Question 3

Frontal lobe functions

Answer 3

Motor control center, executive function

Question 4

Parietal lobe function

Answer 4

Somatosensory processing

Question 5

Temporal lobe function

Answer 5

Auditory processing, new memory formation

Question 6

Limbic structure function

Answer 6

Emotional processing, learning and memory

Question 7

Basal ganglia function

Answer 7

Coordinates choice of mutually exclusive skeletal muscle actions, operational learning.

Question 8

What does basal ganglia dysfunction lead to?

Answer 8

Movement disorders

Question 9

Thalamus function

Answer 9

Interpret/modulate sensory input to cortex. Change input to cortex based on arousal, sleep etc. Role in attention to parts or features of sensory environment

Question 10

Damage to thalamus can result in what?

Answer 10

Chronic neuropathic pain

Question 11

“Executive” area

Answer 11

Frontal lobe

Question 12

“Where” area

Answer 12

Parietal/occipital lobe

Question 13

“What” area

Answer 13

Temporal/occipital lobe

Question 14

Precentral gyrus (area 4)

Answer 14

Primary motor cortex (fine, direct motor movement control–pyramidal or direct pathway)

Question 15

Caudal frontal gyri

Answer 15

Premotor cortex

Question 16

Caudal middle/superior frontal gyri

Answer 16

Frontal eye fields (voluntary eye movements)

Question 17

Supplementary motor area (medial

Answer 17

Motor movement initiation/programming, micurition control area

Question 18

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 18

Attention, motivation, planning, abstraction/problem solving, control of effective or planned behavior, social skills, working memory

Question 19

Inferior frontal gyrus/Broca’s area (left side)

Answer 19

Speech formulation

Question 20

Inferior frontal gyrus (right side)

Answer 20

Language production

Question 21

Postcentral gyrus and posterior paracentral lobule

Answer 21

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 22

Superior parietal lobule, precuneus

Answer 22

Somatosensory association (shape, form)

Question 23

Inferior parietal lobule

Answer 23

Multimodal association cortex (integration of somatosensory, vision, audition)

Question 24

Posterior parietal

Answer 24

Visuospatial orientation

Question 25

Calcarine cortex (area 17) (Lingual gyrus, cuneus)

Answer 25

Primary visual cortex

Question 26

Medial, lateral, inferior occipital gyri

Answer 26

Visual association (color, motion, depth)

Question 27

Lateral occipital gyri

Answer 27

Involuntary eye movements (pursuit)

Question 28

Transverse temporal gyri (Heschl's convolutions)

Answer 28

Primary auditory cortex (hearing)

Question 29

Superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area)

Answer 29

Auditory association

Question 30

Association area of the temporal lobe

Answer 30

Memory storage

Question 31

Limbic lobe

Answer 31

Medial aspect of each hemisphere, surrounds corpus callosum, diencephalon, a lobe

Question 32

Parts of limbic lobe

Answer 32

Septal area, cingulate gyrus, isthmus of cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyris, hippocampal formation

Question 33

Function of anterior part of limbic lobe

Answer 33

emotional behavior, homeostasis

Question 34

Function of posterior part of limbic lobe

Answer 34

learning and memory

Question 35

Hippocampal formation

Answer 35

Learning/memory consolidation

Question 36

Rostral parahippocampal gyrus/uncus, temporal pole, limen insulae function

Answer 36

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 37

Lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex result in what problem?

Answer 37

Loss of odor discrimination and identification

Question 38

Insular cortex function

Answer 38

Integrate visceral input (olfactory, gustatory, general sensory)

Question 39

Parts of the internal capsule

Answer 39

Anterior and posterior limbs, genu

Question 40

Blood supply of internal capsule

Answer 40

Anterolateral arteries and posterolateral striate arteries

Question 41

Agnosis

Answer 41

inability to understand or recognize significance of sensory stimuli. Related to association areas

Question 42

Tactile agnosis

Answer 42

Can't correlate texture, shape, size, and weight of object and compare with previous experience

Question 43

Visual agnosis

Answer 43

Inability to recognize objects. Patient can't relate present to past visual experiences. Can't recognize what is seen and appreciate significance

Question 44

Auditory agnosia

Answer 44

Fails to recognize meaning of perceived sound

Question 45

Anosognosia

Answer 45

Loss of disease awareness

Question 46

Prospagnosia

Answer 46

Ability to recognize faces impaired. Involves underside of occipital lobes

Question 47

Apraxia

Answer 47

Inability to carry out a motor action in response to verbal request in absence of paralysis, sensory abnormality, comprehension deficit or ataxia. Usually associated with dominant cerebral hemisphere.

Question 48

Aphasia

Answer 48

Defect in language processing caused by brain lesions. Most cases caused by stroke, head injury, cerebral tumors, dementia

Question 49

Expressive aphasia

Answer 49

Problem in formation of speech

Question 50

Receptive aphasia

Answer 50

Failure to comprehend meaning of known word

Question 51

Projection neurons

Answer 51

Axons project to and from cerebral hemisphere

Question 52

Afferent

Answer 52

To cerebral cortex. Ex. thalamocortical fibers--> from thalamus to cortex

Question 53

Efferent

Answer 53

Away from cerebral cortex. Pyramidal motor system (direct)

Question 54

Pyramidal motor system

Answer 54

Upper motor neuron. Generate EPSP's on lower motor neurons and interneurons