cerebral palse Flashcards by Afnan Katlo

Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to progressive disturbances occurring in the developing fetal or infant brain
true or false?

false, non-progressive

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what are the prenatal risk factors?

Being small for gestational age
Being of low or very low birth weight
Multiple gestation
Developing infection
Having evidence of stroke or having neonatal encephalopathy

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the Maternal risk factors are
Chorioamnionitis
Fever during labor
Coagulopathy or bleeding
Placental infarction and thyroid disease
true or false?

true

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there are no postnatal risk factors for CP
true or false?

false, Social disadvantage
Trauma
are postnatal risk factors

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what are the subtypes of CP ?

hemiplegia
quadriplegia
monoplegia
diplegia

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what are the kinds of CP ?

spastic
ataxic
and dyskinetic

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. Abnormal pattern of posture and/or movement
. Increased tone (not necessarily constantly)
. Pathological reflexes (hyper-reflexia or pyramidal signs e.g. Babinski response)
. It may be unilatera (hemiplegia) or bilateral
are related to which type of CP?

spastic

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spasticity is velocity independent
true or false?

false, dependent

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a state of disinhibition of the stretch reflex will lead to what?

spasticity

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_ Abnormal pattern of posture and/or movement
_ Loss of orderly muscular co-ordination, so that movements are performed with abnormal force, rhythm and accuracy
are related to which CP?

ataxic

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Abnormal pattern of posture and/or movement
− Involuntary, uncontrolled, recurring, occasionally stereotyped movements of affected body parts
are related to which CP?

dyskinetic

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what are the subtypes of dyskinetic CP?

dystonic CP and Choreo-athetotic CP

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dominated by both hypokinesia and hypertonia
is?

dystonic CP

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dominated by both hyperkinesia and hypotonia is?

Choreo-athetotic CP

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give examples of visual impairments of CP

strabismus
refractive errors
reduced visual acuity
abnormal saccadic movements

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increased risk of aspiration in CP is caused by what?

orometer impairments

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most important factors associated with urinary incontinence were quadriparesis and impaired cognition
true or false?

true

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increased tone or contractures of the gastrocsoleus complex only will lead to?

equines foot deformity

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combination of spasticity of the posterior tibialis muscle and the gastrosoleus complex will lead to?

equinovarus deformity

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knee extension is common in CP
true or false?

false, knee flexion

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Passive hip abduction of less than 35 degrees and a hip flexion contracture of more than 20 degrees are concerning signs of ?

hip dysplasia

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hip to be adducted, flexed, and internally rotated, placing it at risk for ?

hip posterior dislocation

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what is the windswept deformity in CP?

adduction deformity of the elevated hip and an abduction deformity of the opposite hip

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the windswept is characterized by?

hip obliquity

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for UL deformities in CP 1-the shoulder is adducted and IR 2-the elbow has flexion contracture 3-forearm pronation 4- flexion of wrist with ulnar deviation true or false?

true

for hand deformity in CP: 1- fingers are flexed with swan neck 2- ABD of carpometacarpal joint 3- hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints true or false?

false, ADD of carpometacarpal joint (Thumb in palm) deformity

scissoring gait is primary because of?

increased adductor tone

crouched gait with lordosis and APT is caused by?

increased iliopsoas tone (hip flexor)

increased femoral anteversion will cause in toing with false genu valgus and external tibial rotation true or false?

true

decrease hamstring ROM will cause?

crouched gait

co-contraction of hamstring and quadriceps will cause?

stiff knee gait

internal tibial torsion will cause out toeing external tibial torsion will cause in toeing true or false?

false

varus with increased supination valgus increased pronation true or false?

true

One of the most important problems in children with CP is unidirectional movements, low variability, and inability to mimic. true or false?

false

what are the assessments of functional level and motor development?

Gross Motor Function Measure and Gross Motor Function Classification System *Manual Ability Classification System *Pediatric Functional Independence Measure(WeeFIM) *Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory *Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development *Denver Developmental Screening Test

which test is used to assesses the quantity of the movements rather than the quality ?

GMFM

Items span the spectrum of gross motor activities in 3 dimensions true or false?

false, five dimensions

what are the 5 dimension of gross motor development?

A:Lying and Rolling, B:Sitting, C:Crawling and Kneeling, D:Standing, and E:Walking, Running and Jumping

There are two versions of the GMFM.(TheGMFM-88 andGMFM-66 true or false?

true

the GMFM is done with 2 hours true or false?

false, 45-60 mis

GMFC is assessing child development from rolling to walking true or false?

false, from sitting to walking

which test helps in idea of what equipment or mobility aids a child in future?

GMFC

how many levels of GMFC ?

5 levels

in level 3 of GMFC the child uses AD only outdoors and wheelchair for long distance and uses one railing while climbing true or false?

false, child will use AD indoors and outdoors

in level 1 and 2 of GMFC child can walk indoors and outdoors, but in level 2 there is limitation in crowded areas true or false?

true

children walk for short distances with a walker but rely more on using wheelchair which level of GMFC is this?

4th level

children are no longer independent which level of GMFC is this?

5th

assessments of reflexes and reactions, the corrected age should be considered true or false?

true

what are the scales used for the level of spasticity?

MAS and MTS

dystonia refers to increase activity in resting and speed dependent true or false?

false, it is not speed dependent

Coxavalga, increased femoral anteversion, and acetabular dysplasia are the major problems of hip in CP true or false?

true

orthopedic assessment should be carried out at 12–18 months and should be repeated every 8 months true or false?

false, every 6 months

what are the Hip Dislocation Evaluation Criteria?

Abduction limitation Length Difference (Galeazzi sign)) Asymmetrical thigh or gluteal creases Ortolani Test Barlow Test

in ortolani test the hips are flexed and adducted in borlow test the hips are flexed and abducted true or false?

false, ortalani=flex+abd barlow=flex+add

increased internal rotation will result increased in anteversion true or false?

true

The Duncan-Ely test is for what?

assessing of any rectus femoris contracture

which test is done to detect the hip flexors flexibility?

thomas test

Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) Assisting Hand Assessment Scale *Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function *Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test *Zancolli Hand Deformity Classification *Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation are what?

UE assessments

scale-combined video records, time-distance characteristics, and instrumented analysis are assessments for?

GAIT

in which position we can assesst the trunk muscle weakness?

sitting position

what are ICF finds?

function activity and participation

how many treatments we can use for CP ?

15 treatments

what concept was based on observations of how abnormal tone interfered with the child’s ability to develop functional activity is?

bobath

quality of tone has always been central to which treatment?

bobath

The Bobath concept aims to?

*normalize the muscle tone *inhibit primitive and abnormal reflexes *to facilitate normal movements

Main Principles in Bobath Concept: *Facilitation *Stimulation *Communication true or false?

true

the proximal key points are farther to the source problem true or false?

false, closer

proximal key points influence the posture control in all three planes usually at the head or trunk true or false?

true

Distal key points, Located away from the source of the problem, usually at the upper and lower extremities level true or false?

true

involve stimulation of the muscle activity to produce a desired motor response is related to?

fascilitation

tapping and intermittent compression to provide proprioceptive and tactile stimulation are techniques used in?

facilitation of muscle tone in goal-directed activity

what is the process of intervention that reduces dysfunctional muscle tone?

inhibition

Techniques: traction and light joint compression are used in?

inhibition

we can use inhibition technique with hypotonicity true or false?

false, we cant

therapist administers goal-directed pressure to defined zones on the body in a patient who is in a prone which technique is this?

vojta

SMART activities are for which technique?

goal directed therapy

Goal directed therapy is more "task oriented", true or false?

true

what intervention is most commonly used in the presence of hemiplegia as a result of CP?

constraint induced movement

how can improving the coordination of both arms be achieved?

bimanual training tech

walk earlier and more efficiently than those children who did not ?

use treadmill training

treadmill can help clinicians overcome space constraints, reduce physical demands, and establish a convenient set-up for gait evaluation true or false?

true

achieve a large amount of movement in a limited time by?

robotic trianing

ecologically valid opportunities for active learning, which are enjoyable and motivating yet challenging and safe is provided by?

virtual reality

which tech using horse for improving 3-dimensional mobility in CP is?

hippotherapy

Hippotherapy can be described as a low frequency, high repetition treatment strategy true or false?

true

Gains in strength improve functional motor performance especially with opened kinetic chain exercises true or false?

false, closed kinetic chain

Mobilization of the muscle through the entire fiber, from its origo to its insertion is ?

stretching technique

what the electrotherapy are used in CP?

NMES FES ES

*To guide musculoskeletal development, *To create long-term stretching effect, *Ensuring proper body alignment are achieved by?

verticalization tech

verticalization should be used with hypertonic and spastic conditions true or false?

false, hypotonic and spastic

Orthotics are used to?

*Increase functional capacity, *Help mobility, *Reduce energy consumption, *Maintain and correct posture, *Prevent joint limitation and contracture development, *Prevent complications after surgical procedures

what are the Medical Treatments in Cerebral Palsy?

Botulinum Toxin (Type A) Surgery Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy Intrathecal Baclofen Pump

Adductor, iliopsoas and medial hamstring muscles are the main muscles involved in?

soft tissue release surgery

The outcomes are best in patients who are at low GMFCS levels and have limited hip displacement for soft release surgery true or false?

true

2nd and 3rd GMFC are best for SDR true or false?

true

SDR provides short-term reduction of spasticity true or false?

false, long term

(ITB) is used for the management of spasticity and dystonia in pediatric populations true or false?

true

which tech is used for reducing spasticity?

Botulinum Toxin (Type A)

cerebral palse Flashcards

(98 cards)