spina bifida

Question 1

Spina bifida is known as a closure defect in embryological life as a result of the problem that occurs during the formation of the spinal cord structure
true or false?

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what are the types of spina bifida?

Answer 2

closed
opened

Question 3

what are the types of neural defects ?

Answer 3

anencephaly
encephalocele
spina bifida

Question 4

what is the mildest type of spina bifida?

Answer 4

oculta= closed

Question 5

what are the characteristics of occulta?

Answer 5

Posterior fusion defect of vertebral body without spinal cord malformation
There is no visible defect to the external
There is a dimple, hairy patch, dark spot or swelling over affected area

Question 6

what are the types of opened spina bifida?

Answer 6

cranial
spinal= myelomeningocele

Question 7

cranial opened
is anencephaly
true or false?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what are the opened spina bifida examples?

Answer 8

asperta
systica
meningocele

Question 9

anencephaly is a type of NTD
true or false?

Answer 9

true

Question 10

forebrain and cerebrum are not seen in?

Answer 10

anencephaly patient

Question 11

when the neural tube closes during pregnancy?

Answer 11

during third or fourth weeks of pregnancy to form spine and brain

Question 12

a sac-like protrusion or projection of the brain and the membranes that cover it through an opening in the skull is?

Answer 12

encephalocele

Question 13

Encephalocele happens when the neural tube does close completely during pregnancy
true or false?

Answer 13

false, does not

Question 14

meningocele is moderate
Myelomeningocele(Severe)
true or false?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

There is usually little or no nerve damage. This type of spina bifida can cause minor disabilities
to which type is referred?

Answer 15

meningocele

Question 16

in meningocele spinal cord is not in the sac
true or false?

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Part of the spinal cord and nerves are in this sac and are damaged
to which type is this referred?

Answer 17

Myelomeningocele

Question 18

for Myelomeningocele Mostly seen in lumbosacral region. Least frequently in the cervical region
true or false?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are the risk factors for spina bifida?

Answer 19

Couples who already had an affected baby (4% chance the next child will also be affected)
Obese women
Insulin related diabetes
Girls are more prone
Ethnicity
Anti seizures medicines
Folic acid deficency
Mutation in methylenetetrahyrofolate reductase gene

Question 20

anencephaly is the most common type
true or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

what are the common problems for NTD patients especially in myelomeningocele, hydrocephaly?

Answer 21

paraplegic and incontinence are the most common problems

Question 22

loss of deep sensations will lead to?

Answer 22

balance and movement problems

Question 23

what sexual deficiencies can be seen?

Answer 23

erectil ejaculatif dysfunction in male, infertility in female

Question 24

Muscle imbalance, muscle atrophy, hip subluxation and dislocation, flexion contracture in knee, equinovarus deformity in the ankle may be shown in spina bifida patients
true or false?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

which are lesions AFO are used?

Answer 25

s2 and below s1 l4-l5

Question 26

in which lesion area trendelenburg gait is seen?

Answer 26

s2 and below l4-l5

Question 27

in which lesion level crouch gait is seen and KAFO is used?

Answer 27

l3-l4

Question 28

HKAFO and wheelchair are used in which lesion level?

Answer 28

l1-l2 t12 and above

Question 29

normal function with foot deformity by which lesion is affected? l2-l3 l4-l5 s2 and below s2 and above

Answer 29

s2 and below

Question 30

plantar flexion weakness dorsiflexion weakness hamstring and quadriceps weakness are related to which lesion level?

Answer 30

s1 l4-l5 l3-l4

Question 31

no movement in the knees and below no movement in hips and below are related to which lesion level?

Answer 31

l1-l2 t12 and above

Question 32

lesions at the sacral level have good mobility and can walk independently. Those with lumbar or thoracic lesions usually need walking aids or a wheelchair to be mobilized true or false?

Answer 32

true

Question 33

when we can know if the baby has spina bifida?

Answer 33

16 weeks of gestation or by ultrasound of the fetus at 18–20 weeks

Question 34

what are the Symptoms related to Chiari II malformation?

Answer 34

inability to regulate breathing, a loss of normal vocal cord function, difficulty swallowing food or fluids, or poor strength or function in the arm and hand

Question 35

what is the 2nd name for pseudobulbar palsy and it is related to what?

Answer 35

Chiari II malformation related to neurological comorbidities

Question 36

The higher the spinal level of the defect, the less muscle affected and less weakness true or false?

Answer 36

false

Question 37

kyphosis, scoliosis, are usually seen in T12 and above true or false?

Answer 37

true

Question 38

skin care is important for prevention from?

Answer 38

pressure sores

Question 39

avoid hot bath water use sunscreen, and don't stay out for too long not sitting for too long are related to?

Answer 39

skin care

Question 40

how can we ambulate the patient by Pt?

Answer 40

parapodium (T12-L3) support ankle, knees, and hips

Question 41

Tennis Swimming Walking Wheelchair basketball Balance exercises  30 mins prone position for preventing muscles contraction are all used in?

Answer 41

physiotherapy rehabilitation

Question 42

Physiotherapy for 30-60 minutes a day is recommended once or twice a week true or false?

Answer 42

true