Cerebral Ventricles

Question 1

What is the nervous system developed from?

Answer 1

Embryonic neural tube

Question 2

What are the 2 parts of the embryonic neural tube?

Answer 2

Caudal and cephalic

Question 3

Which part of the embryonic neural tube forms the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Caudal part

Question 4

Which part of the embryonic neural tube forms the cerebral vesicles?

Answer 4

Cephalic part

Question 5

What does the lumen of the neural tube in the brain develop into?

Answer 5

cerebral vesicles

Question 6

What does the lumen of the neural tube in the SC develop into?

Answer 6

Central canal

Question 7

What are the specialized vascular plexus that the cerebral ventricles house?

Answer 7

Choroid plexus

Question 8

What is responsible for the secretion of the CSF?

Answer 8

Choroid plexus

Question 9

What are the 3 locations that CSF circulates?

Answer 9

1.) subarachnoid space
2.) central canal of spinal cord
3.) all cerebral ventricles

Question 10

What are the 4 ventricles of the brain?

Answer 10

1.) Lateral (2)
2.) Third
3.) Fourth

Question 11

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

Answer 11

They are amorphous spaces in each cerebral hemisphere (all 4 lobes)

Question 12

Where is the third ventricle?

Answer 12

Irregular and narrow space within the diencephalon between right and left thalami (between thalamic nuclei)

Question 13

Where is the fourth ventricle?

Answer 13

Diamond-shaped space bounded by the pons and upper part of the medulla (anteriorly) and the cerebellum (posteriorly) (between pons and the cerebellum)

Question 14

What is each lateral ventricle connected to the third ventricle through?

Answer 14

Interventricular foramen (of Monro)

Question 15

What is the 3rd vent. connected to the 4th vent. through?

Answer 15

Cerebral aqueduct that passes through midbrain

Question 16

What are the 3 areas that the 4th vent. is connected?

Answer 16

1.) central canal of the spinal cord (inf.)
2.) 3rd vent (sup.)
3.) 2 lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)

Question 17

Flow of CSF Circulation

Answer 17

Heart–> Choroid plex. of lat. vent–> CP of 3rd vent. –> CP of 4th vent. (From each CP, CSF goes to the corresponding ventricle) Lat–>3rd–>4th –> subarachnoid space –> arachnoid villi –> dural venous sinuses –>internal jug. vein –> heart

Question 18

Which ventricular spaces can CSF be produced?

Answer 18

ALL 4 ! Both Lat, 3rd, and 4th

Question 19

What are the branches of the vertebro-basilar system? (x6)

Answer 19

1.) Vertebral arteries
2.) Basilar arteries
3.) Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
4.) Posterior communicating arteries
5.) Posterior anterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) (covers brain stem as well)
6.) Superior cerebellar (covers brain stem as well)

Question 20

What are the branches of the carotid system?

Answer 20

1.) Middle Cerebral A. (MCA)
2.) Anterior Cerebral A. (ACA)
3.) Anterior Communicating A.

Question 21

A clog in which artery is the most likely cause of stroke?

Answer 21

PICA (post. ant. inf. cerebellar A.)

Question 22

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 22

Part of the ventricular system and runs through the mid brain

Question 23

What are the functions of the CSF?

Answer 23

1.) Nutrient delivery (brain tissue)
2.) Waste removal (brain tissue)
3.) Fluid cushion around brain and spinal cord in subarachnoid space

Question 24

What type of flow in the CSF in the ventricular system?

Answer 24

unilateral

Question 25

After CSF has performed its role within the CNS, what happens next?

Answer 25

It is absorbed by the venous system

Question 26

Which area of the brain is the most dangerous to have injured?

Answer 26

The middle

Question 27

Which spinal artery has more function? Anterior or posterior?

Answer 27

Anterior

Question 28

There is how many anterior arteries and how many posterior?

Answer 28

1 anterior 2 posterior

Question 29

What is the division between anterior and posterior arteries?

Answer 29

Posterior 1/3 (post) Anterior 2/3 (Ant/Lat) Which is why even though there are 2 posterior and 1 anterior, anterior has more function, because it covers more space.

Question 30

CSF is synthesized from _____________ and then turned back into _____________.

Answer 30

1.) arterial blood 2.) venous blood

Question 31

In the ventricular system, CSF is flowing (deep/shallow) within the brain, serves as a delivery system of?

Answer 31

deep

Question 32

In the subarachnoid spaces CSF provides _______________.

Answer 32

cushion

Question 33

At which point does the CSF leave internal circulation and go externally?

Answer 33

4th ventricle (EXIT DOORS: 2 lateral foramina and 1 median foramina)

Question 34

If CSF doesn't leave to go externally, what is the other option?

Answer 34

To go down the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 35

Basilar A gives rise to which 3 branches?

Answer 35

1.) Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) 2.) Posterior communicating arteries 3.) Posterior anterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 36

What makes up the circle of Willis?

Answer 36

1.) Ant. cerebral A 2.) Ant. comm. A 3.) Int. carotid A 4.) Post. com. A 5.) Post. cerebral A.

Question 37

What is the purpose of the circle of Willis?

Answer 37

Anastimosis- back up plan. If there is a block in one side, blood can stilll flow to the important areas.

Question 38

Anatomically, where is the circle of Willis?

Answer 38

Base of brain: 1.) Pituitary 2.) Mid brain 3.) cranial nerve 2

Question 39

What 2 arteries meet to join at the circle of Willis?

Answer 39

Basilar and interior carotid

Question 40

Which part of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery serve?

Answer 40

1.) Frontal 2.) Parietal

Question 41

Which part of the brain does the middle cerebral artery serve?

Answer 41

1.) Frontal 2.) Parietal 3.) Temporal WORST for aneurism because it covers so much area

Question 42

Which part of the brain does the posterior artery serve?

Answer 42

1.) Occipital 2.) Parietal 3.) Temporal

Question 43

As the ant. and post. arteries travel down the spinal cord, it will need reinforced blood supply to get all the way down. How is this achieved?

Answer 43

It will receive blood from lumbar arteries in lumbar spine, and post. intercostal arteries in the thoracic spine.