Brain locations/functions

Question 1

Frontal lobe functions?

Answer 1

initiates motor impulses
1.) motor speech, voluntary movement
SS> smell

Question 2

Parietal lobe functions?

Answer 2

receive general sensory stimuli
1.) pain, pressure, temperature, touch, tickle, vibration
SS> taste

Question 3

Occipital lobe functions?

Answer 3

visual impulses
SS> visual

Question 4

Temporal lobe functions?

Answer 4

processes memories
SS> auditory

Question 5

Insula

Answer 5

deep inside
taste impulses

Question 6

What does the central sulcus separate?

Answer 6

frontal/parietal

Question 7

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

Answer 7

sup. temporal/frontal, parietal

Question 8

What does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

Answer 8

parietal/occipital

Question 9

Functions of right hemisphere?

Answer 9

1.) receives somatic signals from and controls muscles on left side of body

Question 10

Functions of left hemisphere?

Answer 10

1.) spoken and written language
2.) receives somatic sensory signals from and controls muscles on the right side of body

Question 11

Primary somatosensory area?

Answer 11

postcentral gyrus

Question 12

Primary visual?

Answer 12

occipital

Question 13

Primary auditory?

Answer 13

temporal

Question 14

Primary gustatory?

Answer 14

insula (insular lobe)

Question 15

Primary olfactory?

Answer 15

medial aspect of temporal

Question 16

Medial surface of motor cortex controls what? Lateral controls what?

Answer 16

medial- motor for leg and foot
lateral- the rest of body

Question 17

Where are patterns of movement stored? Where?

Answer 17

premotor cortex
frontal lobe in front of precentral gyrus

Question 18

What area controls voluntary, synchronized movement of eye balls? And where?

Answer 18

frontal eye field (injury, look to the side of injury)
front of premotor area of frontal lobe

Question 19

What area is inferior frontal gyrus? (ant. to the inf. part of precentral gyrus) What is the pathology when injured?

Answer 19

Broca’s area
Broca’s aphasia- understands but can’t speak (sounds drunk)

Question 20

What area is on the post. end of lat. sulcus (loops around end of sulcus) in the left temporoparietal junction? What is it critical for? What would injury be?

Answer 20

critical for understanding language
Wernick’s aphasia- empty, fluent speech, loss of speech comprehension, little meaningful words

Question 21

What are Broca’s and Wernicke’s connected by?

Answer 21

Arcuate fasciculus (white matter tract)

Question 22

What is a lesion on the tract called? What would be the symptoms?

Answer 22

conduction aphasia: difficulty repeating heard speech, can comprehend and articulate

Question 23

What is the inability to recognize an object placed in the hand called?

Answer 23

asterognosis

Question 24

What are the 3 primary vesicles (week 3,4,5)?

Answer 24

1.) prosencephalon (forebrain)
2.) mesencephalon (midbrain)
3.) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 25

What are the secondary 5 vesicles (5 weeks) and the corresponding adult structures and cavities?

Answer 25

1.) telencephalon * cerebral hemisphere * lateral ventricles 2.) Diencephalon *Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus *Third ventricle 3.) Mesencephalon *midbrain *aqueduct of midbrain 4.) Metencephalon * pons, cerebellum * upper part of the 4th ventricle 5.) Myelencephalon * medulla * lower part of 4th ventricle

Question 26

What serves as a processing and distribution area?, relaying and regulating info. from the outside world to the internal milieu to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 26

Thalamus

Question 27

Which part involves consciousness, sleep, attention, memory and sensory and motor functions?

Answer 27

Thalamus

Question 28

The thalamus relays all senses except which?

Answer 28

smell

Question 29

What functions as the center of the autonomic nervous system, controlling emotion, body temperature, eating, drinking etc?

Answer 29

Hypothalamus

Question 30

What regulates functions of the major components of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland?

Answer 30

hypothalamus

Question 32

What region consists of the pineal gland? And therefore circadian rhythm and distribution of pigment melanin in the skin?

Answer 32

epithalamus

Question 33

Which part of the cerebellum carries axons that connect the cerebellem to the red nuceus of the midbrain and thalamus?

Answer 33

superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 34

Which part of the cerebellum connects the pontine nuclei of the pons to the cerebellum?

Answer 34

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 35

Which part of the cerebellum carries bundles of axons traveling between the medulla and cerebellum?

Answer 35

inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 36

What are the deep cerebellar nuclei? And where are they located?

Answer 36

1.) fastigial 2.) globose 3.) emboliform 4.) dentate white matter surrounded by the cerebellar cortex of grey matter

Question 37

Primary function of the cerebellum?

Answer 37

coordination of voluntary movements and maintaining posture and balance

Question 38

What is the most important area for heart rate and breathing?

Answer 38

Brainstem

Question 39

Where does the nuclei of cranial nerves 3-12 originate?

Answer 39

medulla (brainstem)

Question 40

What is composed of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?

Answer 40

Brainstem

Question 41

What part connects the pons and the diencephalon?

Answer 41

midbrain

Question 42

Nuclei deep in the colliculi are a relay center for what reflexes? Inf./sup.?

Answer 42

inf= auditory sup= visual

Question 43

What does the substantia nigra regulate?

Answer 43

voluntary movements

Question 44

What is the site of the production of natural painkillers? (endorphin and enkenphalins)

Answer 44

Periaqueductal Gray Matter

Question 45

What is the roof behind the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 45

tectum

Question 46

What keeps everything quiet that isn't required? What disease is a malfunctioning of this area?

Answer 46

substantia nigra Parkinson's

Question 47

Where do cranial nerves VI, CII, VIII emerge from?

Answer 47

ponto-medullary sulcus

Question 48

What is separated by the pons by a transverse sulcus, the ponto-medullary sulcus?

Answer 48

medulla

Question 49

What nerves emerge from the anterolateral surface of the medulla oblongate?

Answer 49

IX, X, XI, XII

Question 50

What is at the junction of the medulla and the spinal cord?

Answer 50

decussation of pyramids

Question 51

what is the relay for proprioceptive information to the cerebellum?

Answer 51

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 52

What are the major functional areas in the medulla?

Answer 52

cardiovascular, respiratory, centers that control vomiting, coughing and sneezing.

Question 53

Nucleus gracilis. Nucleus cuneatus. upper or lower limb?

Answer 53

Nucleus gracilis= lower limb Nucleus cuneatus=upper limb

Question 54

Reticular formation is an integral part of the brainstem. True or false.

Answer 54

true

Question 55

What are the functions of the reticular formation?

Answer 55

1.) pain modulation 2.) control of skeletal muscle 3.) control of autonomic and endocrine systems 4.) circadian rhythms 5.) consciousness

Question 56

What prevents sensory overload?

Answer 56

reticular formation

Question 57

What system do general anesthetics work to suppress?

Answer 57

RAS (reticular activating system) or ARAS