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Neuroanatomy > Brain locations/functions > Flashcards

Brain locations/functions Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe functions?

A

initiates motor impulses
1.) motor speech, voluntary movement
SS> smell

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2
Q

Parietal lobe functions?

A

receive general sensory stimuli
1.) pain, pressure, temperature, touch, tickle, vibration
SS> taste

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3
Q

Occipital lobe functions?

A

visual impulses
SS> visual

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4
Q

Temporal lobe functions?

A

processes memories
SS> auditory

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5
Q

Insula

A

deep inside
taste impulses

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6
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

frontal/parietal

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7
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

sup. temporal/frontal, parietal

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8
Q

What does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

A

parietal/occipital

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9
Q

Functions of right hemisphere?

A

1.) receives somatic signals from and controls muscles on left side of body

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10
Q

Functions of left hemisphere?

A

1.) spoken and written language
2.) receives somatic sensory signals from and controls muscles on the right side of body

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11
Q

Primary somatosensory area?

A

postcentral gyrus

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12
Q

Primary visual?

A

occipital

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13
Q

Primary auditory?

A

temporal

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14
Q

Primary gustatory?

A

insula (insular lobe)

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15
Q

Primary olfactory?

A

medial aspect of temporal

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16
Q

Medial surface of motor cortex controls what? Lateral controls what?

A

medial- motor for leg and foot
lateral- the rest of body

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17
Q

Where are patterns of movement stored? Where?

A

premotor cortex
frontal lobe in front of precentral gyrus

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18
Q

What area controls voluntary, synchronized movement of eye balls? And where?

A

frontal eye field (injury, look to the side of injury)
front of premotor area of frontal lobe

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19
Q

What area is inferior frontal gyrus? (ant. to the inf. part of precentral gyrus) What is the pathology when injured?

A

Broca’s area
Broca’s aphasia- understands but can’t speak (sounds drunk)

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20
Q

What area is on the post. end of lat. sulcus (loops around end of sulcus) in the left temporoparietal junction? What is it critical for? What would injury be?

A

critical for understanding language
Wernick’s aphasia- empty, fluent speech, loss of speech comprehension, little meaningful words

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21
Q

What are Broca’s and Wernicke’s connected by?

A

Arcuate fasciculus (white matter tract)

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22
Q

What is a lesion on the tract called? What would be the symptoms?

A

conduction aphasia: difficulty repeating heard speech, can comprehend and articulate

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23
Q

What is the inability to recognize an object placed in the hand called?

A

asterognosis

24
Q

What are the 3 primary vesicles (week 3,4,5)?

A

1.) prosencephalon (forebrain)
2.) mesencephalon (midbrain)
3.) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

25
Q

What are the secondary 5 vesicles (5 weeks) and the corresponding adult structures and cavities?

A

1.) telencephalon
* cerebral hemisphere
* lateral ventricles
2.) Diencephalon
*Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
*Third ventricle
3.) Mesencephalon
*midbrain
*aqueduct of midbrain
4.) Metencephalon
* pons, cerebellum
* upper part of the 4th ventricle
5.) Myelencephalon
* medulla
* lower part of 4th ventricle

26
Q

What serves as a processing and distribution area?, relaying and regulating info. from the outside world to the internal milieu to the cerebral cortex?

A

Thalamus

27
Q

Which part involves consciousness, sleep, attention, memory and sensory and motor functions?

A

Thalamus

28
Q

The thalamus relays all senses except which?

A

smell

29
Q

What functions as the center of the autonomic nervous system, controlling emotion, body temperature, eating, drinking etc?

A

Hypothalamus

30
Q

What regulates functions of the major components of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

31
Q
A
32
Q

What region consists of the pineal gland? And therefore circadian rhythm and distribution of pigment melanin in the skin?

A

epithalamus

33
Q

Which part of the cerebellum carries axons that connect the cerebellem to the red nuceus of the midbrain and thalamus?

A

superior cerebellar peduncles

34
Q

Which part of the cerebellum connects the pontine nuclei of the pons to the cerebellum?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

35
Q

Which part of the cerebellum carries bundles of axons traveling between the medulla and cerebellum?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncles

36
Q

What are the deep cerebellar nuclei? And where are they located?

A

1.) fastigial
2.) globose
3.) emboliform
4.) dentate

white matter surrounded by the cerebellar cortex of grey matter

37
Q

Primary function of the cerebellum?

A

coordination of voluntary movements and maintaining posture and balance

38
Q

What is the most important area for heart rate and breathing?

A

Brainstem

39
Q

Where does the nuclei of cranial nerves 3-12 originate?

A

medulla (brainstem)

40
Q

What is composed of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?

A

Brainstem

41
Q

What part connects the pons and the diencephalon?

A

midbrain

42
Q

Nuclei deep in the colliculi are a relay center for what reflexes? Inf./sup.?

A

inf= auditory
sup= visual

43
Q

What does the substantia nigra regulate?

A

voluntary movements

44
Q

What is the site of the production of natural painkillers? (endorphin and enkenphalins)

A

Periaqueductal Gray Matter

45
Q

What is the roof behind the cerebral aqueduct?

A

tectum

46
Q

What keeps everything quiet that isn’t required? What disease is a malfunctioning of this area?

A

substantia nigra
Parkinson’s

47
Q

Where do cranial nerves VI, CII, VIII emerge from?

A

ponto-medullary sulcus

48
Q

What is separated by the pons by a transverse sulcus, the ponto-medullary sulcus?

A

medulla

49
Q

What nerves emerge from the anterolateral surface of the medulla oblongate?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

50
Q

What is at the junction of the medulla and the spinal cord?

A

decussation of pyramids

51
Q

what is the relay for proprioceptive information to the cerebellum?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

52
Q

What are the major functional areas in the medulla?

A

cardiovascular, respiratory, centers that control vomiting, coughing and sneezing.

53
Q

Nucleus gracilis. Nucleus cuneatus. upper or lower limb?

A

Nucleus gracilis= lower limb
Nucleus cuneatus=upper limb

54
Q

Reticular formation is an integral part of the brainstem. True or false.

A

true

55
Q

What are the functions of the reticular formation?

A

1.) pain modulation
2.) control of skeletal muscle
3.) control of autonomic and endocrine systems
4.) circadian rhythms
5.) consciousness

56
Q

What prevents sensory overload?

A

reticular formation

57
Q

What system do general anesthetics work to suppress?

A

RAS (reticular activating system) or ARAS

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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