Cerebral White Matter

Question 1

Superior longitudinal bundle connects……while inferior connects……

Answer 1

Frontal to occipital and temporal lobe
Temporal & occipital

Question 2

The bundle which connects Wernicke’s & Broca’s areas

Answer 2

Uncinate bundle

Question 3

Cingulum connects……

Answer 3

Cingulate gyrus to the parahippocampal gyrus

Question 4

Mention fibers passing in ant limb & genu of intenal capsule

Answer 4

A, frontopontine & anterior thalamic radiation
G, corticonuclear fibers

Question 5

Mention fibers passing in posterior limb

Answer 5

Corticospinal, frontopontine, corticorubral, superior thalamic radiation (sensory radiation)

Question 6

Mention contents of sublentiform & retrolentiform parts

Answer 6

S, auditory radiation + temporopontine & parietopontine fibers
R, optic radiation + parietopontine & occipitopontine fibers

Question 7

Describe blood supply of internal capsule

Answer 7

Upper 1/2 of ant & post lims supplies by MCA
Lower 1/2 of post limb supplied by posterior communicating & ant choroidal
Genu & lower 1/2 of ant limb ACA
Retrolentiform & sublentiform suuplied by ant choroidal art

Question 8

Describe relations of corpus callosum

Answer 8

Sup: flax cerebri, ACA
Inf: fornix & septum pellucidum

Question 9

Rostrum of corpus callosum connects …..while genu connects…..

Answer 9

Orbital surfaces of two frontal lobes
Medial & lateral surfaces of 2 frontal lobes

Question 10

Mention areas connected by body

Answer 10

Wide areas of cortex in parietal, temporal & occipital lobes

Question 11

Describe relation of tapetum to lateral ventricle

Answer 11

Form roof & lateral wall of post horn of lateral ventricle

Question 12

Forceps major is formed by….., forceps minor is formed by……

Answer 12

Splenium
Genu

Question 13

Describe connections made by anterior commissure

Answer 13

It splits into anterior bundle that connects anterior perforated substance
& posterior bundle that connect temporal gyri

Question 14

Posterior commissure connects…….

Answer 14

Right & left pretectal nuclei, superior colliculi & MLB

Question 15

Interventricular foramen is bound ant by….& post by……

Answer 15

Column of fornix
Ant end of thalamus

Question 16

Describe bounds of body of lateral ventricle

Answer 16

Roof by body of corpus callosum
Floor by body of caudate + stria terminalis & thalamostriate vein + thalamus + body of fornix (from lat to med)
Med by septum pellucidum (ant) & carpus callosum + fornix meet posteriorly

Question 17

Describe bounds of ant horn of lateral ventricle

Answer 17

Roof: body of corpus callosum
Floor: rostrum of corpus callosum (med) & head of caudate (lat)
Ant: genu of corpus callosum
Med: septum pellucidum + ant column of fornix

Question 18

Describe bound of posterior horn of lat ven

Answer 18

Roof & lat wall: tapetum of corpus callosum, lat is optic radiation then inferior longitudinal bundle
Medial wall contains bulb of posterior horn (fibers of forceps major) & calcar avis (by calcarine sulcus)

Question 19

Describe bounds of inferior horn of lat vent

Answer 19

Roof: tail of caudate nucleus (lat) & stria terminalis (med) both end ant in the amygdaloid nucleus
Floor: collateral eminence, hippocampus, fimbria cont with posterior column of fornix (lat to med)

Question 20

The choroid fissure lies between………in body of lat vent, while in inf horn of lat vent……….

Answer 20

Body of fornix & upper surface of the thalamus
Stria terminalis & the fimbria

Question 21

Mention arteries of tela choroidea

Answer 21

Ant choroidal (of ICA) & posterior choroidal (of post cerebral)

Question 22

Mention bounds of tela choroidea

Answer 22

Post: base transverse cerebral fissure below splenium of corpus callosum
Ant: its apex reached interventricular foramen of Monro
Lat: invaginate the choroid fissure pushing its ependymal lining
Inf: invaginates roof of 3rd ventricle

Question 23

Denticulate ligament is formed by…..

Answer 23

Pia mater

Question 24

…….is found over cerebellum while….. is found below it

Answer 24

Cisterna ambiens
Cisterna magna

Question 25

Cisterna pontis contains….., while interpeduncular cistern contains……

Answer 25

Basilar artery Circle of Willis

Question 26

Total volume of CSF is about………, …..are secreted every day.

Answer 26

130 to 150 ml 300 ml

Question 27

Mention functions of CSF

Answer 27

1. Protects brain against trauma & acts as water jacket 2. Helps to keep volume of fluid inside skull constant 3. Removal of neuronal metabolites

Question 28

Describe course of vertebral artery

Answer 28

Begins as branch of 1st partcof subclavian, 1st part before foramen transversarium, 2nd pard passes through f.t. of upper 6 cervical v. 3rd part in the suboccipital triangle then enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum, 4th part passes on ventral surface of medulla oblongata. Ends at lower border of pons by joining vertebral of other side, basilar artery.

Question 29

Mention branches of vertebral artery in cranial cavity

Answer 29

Meningeal, PICA, post & ant spinal, medullary branches

Question 30

Mention branches of basilar artery

Answer 30

Pontine, labyrinthine, AICA, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral

Question 31

Mention arteries forming circle of Willis

Answer 31

R&L ACA & anterior communicating artery joining them R&L ICA R&L PCA Posterior communicating art joining ICA+PCA

Question 32

Mention central branches of circulus arteriosus & what they supply

Answer 32

Antero-medial group from ACA, caudate & lentiform (ANT) + parts of internal capsule Antero-lateral group from MCA, caudate & lentiform (POST) + parts of i.c. The largest is Charcot’s artery of cerebral hemorrhage Postero-medial from PCA, ant & med nuclei of thalamus + hypothalamus Postero-lateral from PCA, lat & post parts of thalamus +metathalamus. Largest is thalamogeniculate art

Question 33

Mention cortical sypupply of ACA

Answer 33

Medial surface ex occipital lobe One inch strip of lateral surafce superiorly Med part of orbital gyrus

Question 34

Describe supply & lesion of ACA

Answer 34

Motor & sensory areas of contralateral LL, thrombosis of a congenitally unpaired ACA leads to cerebral paraplegia

Question 35

Mention cortical areas supplies by MCA & functional supply & lesion

Answer 35

Lateral surface (ex parts of ACA & PCA) Lateral part of orbital surface + temporal pole Supplies motor & sensory areas of UL, speech & auditory areas + frontal eye fields. Thrombosis is very serious & if occurs on dominant side aphasia occurs

Question 36

Mention cortical areas supplies by PCA & functional supply & lesion

Answer 36

All of occipital lobe Strip along lower border of hemisphere on lateral surface Inferior surface (tentorial part ex temporal lobe) F: visual area of contralateral half of both visual fields. Its occlusion leads to homonymous hemianopia but there is macular sparing bec the branches supplying the macular region have strong anastomosis with MCA

Question 37

Describe superficial system of veins

Answer 37

Superior cerebral veins into SSS Superficial middle cerebral vein into covernous connected to SSS & transverse sinus by sup & inf anastomotic veins respectively Deep middle cerebral vein drain insula then join ant cerebral veins & striate vein to form basal vein that drains into great c.v. Inferior cerebral vein into nearby sinus esp transverse

Question 38

Thalamostriate vein drains into……, which unites with other side to form……, which froms…..by uniting with……

Answer 38

Internal cerebral vein Great cerebral vein Straight sinus Inf sagittal sinus