Cerebrovascular Anatomy Flashcards

(58 cards)

1
Q

The tunica intima is the ______ layer made up of _______

A

1) inner layer

2) endothelial cells

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2
Q

Tunica media is the _____ layer made up of ______

A

1) middle layer

2) muscle

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3
Q

Tunica Adventitia/Externa is the ______ layer made up of _______& _______

A

1) outer layer
2) epithelial cells
3) connective tissue

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4
Q

The right CCA originated from the ________

A

Innominate artery

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5
Q

The left CCA originates frinthe _____

A

Aortic arch (2nd branch from arch)

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6
Q

The CCA courses _____ on the _______ neck

A

1) cephalad

2) anterolateral neck

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7
Q

The CCA bifurcated at the ……

A

Upper boarder of the thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

The CCA combination of ICA & ECA flow, _____ resistance with ________

A

1) higher

2) good diastolic flow

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9
Q

The bulb area normally exhibits areas of _______ in color Doppler & short periods of _________

A

1) flow separation

2) systolic flow reversal (caused by swirling of the flow as it enters the enlarged segment )

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10
Q

The majority of the CCA blood enters the ICA due to….

A

Low resistance vascular bed distally

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11
Q

The ECA is the ______ branch of the CCA

A

Anterior/ medial

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12
Q

The ECA terminates at the _______

A

Superficial temporal artery

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13
Q

What is the first branch visualized (in most people) of the ECA?

A

Superior thyroidal artery

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14
Q

List the branches of the ECA

A

1) superior thyroidal artery
2) ascending pharyngeal
3) lingual
4) facial
5) maxillary
6) occipital
7) posterior auricular
8) superficial temporal

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15
Q

_________ used to perform the temporal tap

A

Superficial temporal artery

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16
Q

The temporal tap will demonstrate ______ during diastole

A

Flow oscillations

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17
Q

The superficial temporal artery branches connect to the ________ with potential for __________

A

1) supraorbital artery

2) ICA collateralization

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18
Q

Occipital artery branches connect to the branches the ______

A

Distal vertebral artery

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19
Q

The facial artery gives off numerous small branches before it terminates into the ______

A

Angular artery

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20
Q

ECA branches supply the _____ , _____ & ______

A

1) neck
2) face
3) scalp

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21
Q

The ECA is _____ resistance, ______ flow with ________ antegrade diastolic flow

A

1) high
2) pulsatile flow
3) minimal

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22
Q

The ICA is _______ branch of the CCA. It courses _____ to enter the cranium

A

1) posterior/ lateral branch

2) cephalad

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23
Q

Siphon area- distal ICA courses _____ then _____ then _____forming an “S”

A

1) anterior
2) medial
3) posterior

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24
Q

Siphon _____ flow & has increased risk for …..

A

1) reduces flow

2)flow reducing lesions
Ex: atheroma & thrombus

25
The ICA has ________ branches extracranial
No visible branches
26
Branches of the ICA supply the _____, ______,______,______,_____& ______
1) eyes 2) nose 3) forehead 4) corpus callosum 5) frontal lobe 6) parietal loves
27
________ is the first branch from the ICA siphon area inside the cranium
Ophthalmic artery * NOT visiable on carotid evaluation
28
Ophthalmic artery branches into _____,_____& ______
1) nasal 2) frontal 3) supraorbital arteries
29
______ & _______ artery are the other 2 main intracranial branches of the distal ICA
1) anterior choroidal artery | 2) posterior communicating artery
30
The ICA terminates at the.....
Bifurcation into the ACA & MCA, once it reaches the circle of Willis
31
The ICA supplies ______% of arterial blood to the brain
75%
32
The ICA has ____ resistance flow with _______ antegrade diastolic flow
1) low resistance 2) increased * slow acceleration & deceleration of flow
33
Supraorbital artery originates from the _______ & joins the ______
1) ophthalmic artery | 2) superficial temporal artery ( branch of the ECA)
34
Frontal artery originates from the ______ & joins the ______. It supplies the _____
1) ophthalmic artery 2) superficial temporal artery (branch of ECA) 3 supplies the nose
35
What are the 2 potential collateral pathways for ECA to ICA flow?
1) supraorbital | 2) frontal artery
36
Vertebral arteries (VA) supply _____ of blood to the cerebrum
10-25%
37
VA course within foramina of the Pericles of the vertebra of _____ through _____
C6- C1
38
VA converge into the _______ after entering the posterior skull
Basilar artery
39
The _____ vertebral artery is usually larger in diameter
Left
40
VA branches supply the _____ & ______
1) medulla | 2) inferior cerebellum
41
The right vertebral branches from the proximal _______. The left vertebral branches from the proximal _____
1) Right subclavian | 2) left subclavian
42
VA flow velocities are normally _______
< 50 cm/s
43
VA has a similar flow pattern to the _____
ICA * slow acceleration & deceleration with increased diastolic antegrade flow
44
There is no _____ innominate artery
Left
45
The ________________ merge at the base of your he skull to form a single basilar artery
Left & right vertebral arteries
46
Basilar artery branches supply the _______ & ___________
1) superior cerebellum | 2) portions of the brain stem
47
Basilar artery bifurcated at ________ they form both ______
1) circle of Willis | 2) both posterior cerebral arteries
48
Circle of Willis is a network of arteries that are seated on the __________
Inferior cerebrum surface
49
Circle of Willis supplies ....
All lobes of the cerebrum
50
Most common anatomy demonstrated is only seen in about ___% of patients
20% * anterior cerebral artery middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery
52
The circle of Willis is usually complete in only ____% of patients
50%
53
The circle of Willis provides potential for ________ in the presence of disease
Collateral flow
54
The anterior cerebral artery supplies _____ & _____, ______, ________
1) frontal lobes 2) parietal lobes 3) corpus callosum 4) Cavum septum pellucidum
55
The middle cerebral artery supplies the ______, _____,& ______
1) frontal lobe 2) parietal love 3) temporal lobe
56
Posterior cerebral artery supplies _______ & _________
1) temporal | 2) occipital
57
Superficial branches spread over the....
Surface of the brain Ex: circle of Willis
58
Penetrating branches enter the brain tissue segments for ......
Nutrient exchange & neuronal function
59
Intracranial venous sinuses are located between the ______ & the _______ drain the cerebral blood into the ______
1) dura mater | 2) periosteum