Hemodynamics

Question 1

Systemic circulation

1) ____ ventricle - 2)____ - 3)____ - 4)____ -
5) ____ - 6)_____ - 7)_____ - 8) ____
9) ____ atrium

Answer 1

1) left ventricle
2) aorta
3) arteries
4) arterioles
5) capillaries
6) venues
7) veins
8) IVC
9) right atrium

Question 2

Pulmonary circulation

1) _____ ventricle -2) _____ - 3) ____ - 4)_____ - 5) ______ atrium

Answer 2

1) right ventricle
2) pulmonary artery
3) lungs
4) pulmonary veins
5) left atrium

Question 3

Oxygen saturation is highest in the ________ & lowest in the _______

Answer 3

1) highest in the pulmonary veins

2) lowest in IVC/SVC

Question 4

Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries to ….

Answer 4

Carry deoxygenated blood

Question 5

Pulmonary veins are the only veins to …

Answer 5

Carry oxygenated blood

Question 6

In systole LV pressures _____ rapidly to exceed aortic pressure & push a boils of blood into the arteries; contraction of the heart causes…

Answer 6

1) increase

2) causes expansion of the arteries

Question 7

In diastole LV pressures _____ rapidly & the LV fills with blood from the LA; relaxation of the heart allows for…

Answer 7

1) decreases

2) arterial recoil to normal dimension

Question 8

1) normal heart rate is______
2) bradycardia ______

3 tachycardia ______

Answer 8

1) . 60-100bpm
2) <60bpm
3) >100bpm

Question 9

Heart pumps a average of _____ of blood into the AO with each contraction

Answer 9

70 ml

Question 10

Increased heart rate leads to ….

Answer 10

Increased cardiac output

Question 11

Cardiac function is directly related to …

Answer 11

The amount of blood entering the arteries

Question 12

______ & _______ affect the amount of blood leaving the heart

Answer 12

1) peripheral resistance

2) arterial pressure

Question 13

Systemic pressure is greatest at ______________ & ___________

Answer 13

1) greatest at the heart

2 gradually decreases as it moves distally through the system

Question 14

Low peripheral resistance allows for….

Answer 14

Increased rate of flow

Question 15

____ are responsible for regulating resistance in tissues

Answer 15

Arterioles

Question 16

____& _____ release norepinephrine & vasoconstriction occurs

Answer 16

1) nerve fibers

2) adrenal glands

Question 17

Adrenaline is a ______ that is produced in the ____

Answer 17

1) vasodilator

2) adrenal glands

Question 18

Capillaries are only composed of ________ to allow perfusion of the surrounding tissues & the exchange of nutrients & waste products between blood & tissue

Answer 18

Intimal tissue

Question 19

List the 3 different types of energy

Answer 19

1) kinetic
2) potential
3) gravitational

Question 20

Kinetic energy is energy of ____, varies with _____& _____

Answer 20

1) energy of motion

2) mass & velocity squared

Question 21

Greater mass = ____ kinetic energy = _____ velocity

Answer 21

1) more
2) greater

Greater mass = more KE = greater velocity

Question 22

Potential energy is ……., such as

Answer 22

1) stored energy of motion

2) example: a hair spray can

Question 23

_______ is the primary form of energy driving blood flow; related to the pressure distending the vessel

Answer 23

Potential energy

Question 24

Gravitational energy is …. such as a …

Answer 24

1) stored energy related to elevated position

2) roller coaster (hydrostatic pressure)

Question 25

Kinetic energy reduced in blood vessels due to ___, ____ & ____

Answer 25

1) viscosity 2) friction 3) inertia

Question 26

Viscosity- thicker blood flows more _____ Increased hematocrit = ______

Answer 26

1) slowly | 2) decreases flow

Question 27

The greater the viscosity, the ______ the blood flow. Decreased viscosity will cause _____ flow velocities

Answer 27

1) slower | 2) elevates

Question 28

Friction is layers of blood ____________ ; energy is lost in the form of _____ due to friction between layers & between blood & vessel wall

Answer 28

1) sliding against each other | 2) heat

Question 29

Movement of blood requires a ________ & ________

Answer 29

1) pressure difference | 2) vessel to carry it

Question 30

Blood flow is related to _______& ______

Answer 30

1) kinetic energy | 2) potential energy

Question 31

The moving blood represents ________

Answer 31

Kinetic energy

Question 32

The pressure build up caused by cardiac contraction represents the ________

Answer 32

Potential energy

Question 33

Total fluid energy is the sum of the ______, _____ & ______ components

Answer 33

1) gravitational 2) kinetic 3) potential energy

Question 34

List the factors affecting blood flow 1-10

Answer 34

1) cardiac function 2) peripheral resistance 3) vessel compliance 4) tone of vascular musculature 5) pattern of branches or collaterals 6) vasoconstriction 7) vasodilation 8) viscosity 9) exercise 10) autoregulation

Question 35

Inertia- energy is lost when the _____________ changes with systole & diastole of the heart

Answer 35

Speed of blood

Question 36

Cardiac function: decreased function = _____ CHF & decreases cardiac EF can lead to ....

Answer 36

1) Decreased flow | 2) decreased flow velocities in the arterial system

Question 37

Peripheral resistance determines the __________ & is regulated by the ________

Answer 37

1) rate of flow in the arteries 2 regulated by arterioles

Question 38

Vessel compliance: stiffer or more calcified vessels = ____________

Answer 38

Higher resistance flow

Question 39

Tone of vascular musculature: more muscular the patient= ____ compliant vessels = ______ resistance flow

Answer 39

1) less 2 higher

Question 40

Vasoconstriction is the _____ If vessel walks due to stimuli List examples (4)

Answer 40

Tightening Examples: cold, anxiety, smoking, norepinephrine

Question 41

Vasodilation is the ______ of vessel walls due to stimuli List examples (3)

Answer 41

Expansion Examples: heat, HTN, medication, proximal stenosis

Question 42

Viscosity refers to ...... Energy lost in the form of ____ The greater the viscosity, the....

Answer 42

1) Internal friction between the adjacent layers of a fluid 2) heat 3) greater the resistance

Question 43

Viscosity is _____ related to hematocrit levels in blood

Answer 43

Directly related Increased hematocrit = increased resistance = decreased velocity of flow

Question 44

Polycythemia Vera can lead to ....

Answer 44

Decreased flow velocities throughout the arterial system

Question 45

Exercise induces ______ in the large vessels supplying the skeletal muscles

Answer 45

Induces vasodilation

Question 46

With autoregulation _______ alter resistance to flow to maintain the flow levels needed for normal function

Answer 46

Vascular beds

Question 47

Resistance determines the ____ in the arteries & is regulated by the ________

Answer 47

1) Rate of flow | 2) by the arterioles

Question 49

Resistance varies with _____ & _____ of the vessels carrying the fluid

Answer 49

1) fluid properties | 2) characteristics

Question 50

Changes in the vessel radius have .....

Answer 50

The greatest effect on flow resistance

Question 51

Extremities & muscles have a _________ resistance to blood flow than the organs

Answer 51

Much higher

Question 52

As resistance increases, blood flow ______ with _______ in pressure

Answer 52

1) decreases | 2) no change

Question 53

If resistance increases, pressure must .....

Answer 53

Increase to maintain constant flow

Question 54

Stenosis causes resistance to ______proximal to the stenosis Resistance ______ distal to a stenosis

Answer 54

1) Increases | 2) decreases

Question 55

Increased viscosity = ______ resistance Increased vessel length = _____ resistance Increased vessel radius = _____ resistance

Answer 55

1) increased resistance 2) increased resistance 3) decreased resistance