Certification 2 Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Circulatory System
A
Delivers o2, nutrients, hormones, and enzymes to the cells; transports cellular waste to organs where they can be expelled. Blood is vehicle; blood vessels, tubes, and heart work as pump.
2
Q
Pulmonary circulation
A
carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs to left atrium.
3
Q
Systemic circulation
A
Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
4
Q
Valves
A
Tricuspid, bicuspid(mitral), aortic, and pulmonic
5
Q
Tricuspid
A
Atrioventricular valve that is between right atrium and right ventricle
6
Q
Bicuspid(mitral)
A
Atrioventricular valve between left atrium and right ventricle
7
Q
Aortic valve
A
Semi lunar valve between left ventricle and aorta
8
Q
Pulmonic valve
A
Semi lunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
9
Q
Endocardium
A
Inner layer lining of heart
10
Q
Myocardium
A
Muscular middle layer
11
Q
Epicardium
A
Fibrous outer layer; coronary arteries that supply blood to heart are found here
12
Q
How many liters of blood does average adult have?
A
5-6 liters
13
Q
Layers of blood vessels
A
Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima
14
Q
Tunica adventitia
A
Outer connective tissue layer
15
Q
Tunica media
A
Middle smooth muscle
16
Q
Tunica intima
A
Inner endothelial layer
17
Q
Capillaries
A
Composed of a layer of endothelial cells and are a mix of arterial blood and venous blood
18
Q
Order of draw for capillaries
A
Lavender
Tubes with other additives
Tubes without additives
19
Q
Erythrocyte
A
Start as immature reticulocytes; in 1-2 days mature; there are 4.2-6.2 million RBCs per microliter. Life span is 120 days; contain hemoglobin/oxygen carrying protein.
20
Q
Leukocytes
A
Body’s protection from infection/illness; average adult has 5,000 10,000 wbc
21
Q
Neutrophils
A
Comprise 40-60% of WBCs; phagocytic and engulf and digest bacteria
22
Q
Lymphocytes
A
20-40% of WBCs; immunity
23
Q
Monocytes
A
3-8% of WBCs; largest WBCs; they’re monocytes in circulating blood, but when absorbed in tissues transform to macrophages(extremely powerful phagocytes); increase with intracellular infection
24
Q
Eosinophils
A
1-3% of WBCs; active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules. Increase in allergies, skin infection, and parasitic infection
25
Basophils
0-1% of WBCs; carry histamine releases during allergic reactions
26
Thrombocytes(platelet)
Packets of cytoplasm that are formed in bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Average amount in an adult is 140-440,000 microliters of blood; lifespan is 9-12 days
27
Hemostasis
Process where the blood vessels are repaired after injury.
28
Vascular phase hemostasis
Injury causes vessel to constrict slowing blood flow
29
Platelet phase hemostasis
Injury to endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere to it
30
Coagulation phase hemostasis
Involves various coagulation factor, causing temporary plug to convert to fibrin clot.
31
Fibrinolysis hemostasis
Breakdown and removal of clot
32
Chux
Impermeable pad that protects patient clothing and bedding.
33
Two hour post prandial test
Used to evaluate diabetes mellitus; fasting glucose is compared with glucose levels 2 hours after eating
34
OGTT
Oral glucose tolerance test-diagnose diabetes mellitus. Evaluate patients with frequent low blood sugar
35
3 hour OGTT
Test hyperglycemia and diagnose diabetes
36
5 hour OGTT
evaluate hypoglycemia and disorder of carbohydrate metabolism/ scheduled to begin 7-9 am
37
Cold agglutinins:
Antibodies are produced in response to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection (atypical). Blood is collected in red top tubes and pre-warmed in an incubator for 30 min. at 37c
38
Light sensitive specimens
Bilirubin, beta-carotene, vitamins A and B6 and porphyrins
39
Chilled specimen
Arterial blood gas, ammonia, lactic acid, pyruvate, ATCH, gastrointestinal, and parathyroid hormone.
40
Order of draw
```
Blood cultures
Sodium citrate blue tops
Serum tubes w/ or w/out clot activator or gel tops
Heparin tubes-green
EDTA lavender
Oxalate fluoride gray tops
```
41
EDTA
Inhibits coagulation by binding to calcium in specimen
42
Lavender
Invert 8 times; common tests are CBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit determination, ESR, sickle cell
43
Sodium citrate
Prevents coagulation by binding to calcium. Preserves coagulation
44
Light blue
Invert 3-4 times. Pt tests, Coumadin therapy, APTT, PTT, heparin therapy, fibrinogen degradation, thrombin time, factor assays, bleeding time.
45
Heparin
Combined with sodium, lithium, or ammonium ions. Inhibits thrombin and is not used for hematology because heparin interferes with Wright’s Stained blood smear
46
Green
Invert 8 times. Tests chemistry, performed on plasma such as ammonia carboxyhemoglobin, and STAT electrolytes
47
Sodium fluoride
Antiglycolitic agent preserves glucose for 3 days.lithium iodacetate preserves glucose for 24 hours. Potassium oxalate prevents clotting by binding to calcium
48
Gray top
Invert 8 times. Fasting blood type, GTT, blood alcohol levels, lactic acid.
49
Red/gray top, gold
SST. Clot activator; glass particles, silica and celites hasten clot formation. Thixotropic gel is serum separator. Invert 5 times
50
Red top
Plain vacuum tube- no additive/coagulant. Tests are serum chem, serology, and blood bank.
51
Yellow top
SPS. Cultured for presence of microorganisms. SPS aids in recovery of microorganisms and inhibits actions of complement. Performs phagocytosis on certain antibiotics. Invert 8 times
52
Electrophoresis
Analyzes chemical components of blood such as hemoglobin, serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Based in differences in Electrical charges.
53
Immunochemistry
Uses techniques such as radio immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay detect and measure substances such as hormones, enzymes, and drugs
54
Two major categories of health care organizations
Hospital or ambulatory
55
Phlebotomist are often expected to perform
Clinical, technical, and clerical duties
56
Certification provides phlebotomist with which career advantages
Increased job opportunities, advancement opportunities, and portability.
57
National nonprofit agencies that provide certification examinations for phlebotomist
ASCP and NPA
58
Surgical biopsy specimens are analyzed in what department?
Anatomic or surgical pathology
59
Six sigma
Method or framework designed to improve process performance by reducing variation , improving quality, enhancing financial performance and improving customer satisfaction.
60
Waiver tests
Those that are easiest to perform and least risky to patients. Include urinalysis.
61
Four categories to help frame the concept of “professionalism”
Respect
Service
Support
Growth
62
Productivity measures for phlebotomy service
Patient waiting time!
63
Anatomic pathology
Autopsies and surgical biopsies
64
Cause and effect diagram
Quality improvement methodologies designed to assist in identifying interactions among people, methods, equipment, and supplies
65
Pareto principle
80% of trouble comes from 20% of the problems
66
RFID
Radio frequency identification. Used silicon chip that transmits data to wireless receiver.
67
Quality control information
Contains facts about hazards associated with the use of a reagent or supplies, proper use and storage information, expiration dates and stability info, and indications for measuring the precision and accuracy of analytical processes.
68
Critical value
Test result that may be life threatening and needs to be reported immediately
69
Baby boomers
1940-64
70
Bioethics
Moral issues or problems that have resulted because of modern medicine, clinical research, and technology
71
Agency that has recognized patients rights in health care organizations through the Patient Care Partnership
AHA
72
CLIA ‘88 waived lab procedure
Dipstick urinalysis
73
Assault
unjustifiable attempt to touch or threaten another person to make them believe harm will be carried out.
74
Battery
Intentional touching of another person without consent and unlawful beating of another or carrying out of threatened harm
75
Malice
False statement regarding a patient
76
Violation of patient confidentiality can be considered professional
Negligence
77
Discovery
The right to examine the witness before or during the trial
78
Joint Commission
Oversees accreditation of health care organizations nationally, and sets a national standard of care for phleb practice
79
CLIA ‘88
Ensures the quality and accuracy of lab testing (including blood collection)
80
Candida albicans
Pathogenic agent that causes health-care- acquired skin infections
81
Transmission based precautions to reduce the transmission of meningitis are referred to as
Droplet precautions
82
Commonly identified pathogenic agent that causes nosocomial infections in the
Nursery unit
83
Joint commission
Requires the development and implementation of an infection control program in a health care facility
84
Three components of chain of infection
Source, mode of transmission, and susceptible host
85
Vibrio cholerae
Causes health care acquired infections of the gastrointestinal tract
86
What interrupts the chain of nosocomial infection between the susceptible host and the source
Good nutrition
87
Used for patients who have immunodeficiency disorders to protect them from external environments
Reverse isolation
88
Needs droplet precautions due to coughing
Diphtheria
89
3 sets of precautions
Airborne, droplet, and contact
90
Fomite
Objects that can harbor infectious agents and transmit infection
91
Disinfectant
Chemical compound used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms.
92
Designed to reduce risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in health care facilities
Standard precautions
93
Prevent transmission of known or suspected infected or colonized microorganisms by direct hand or skin to skin contact for conditions such as hepatitis A
Contact precautions
94
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Causes lung infection that can lead to airborne transmission to someone else. Thus, a personal respirator is required to be used by the health care worker when providing care to a patient with this infection
95
Rotavirus
Highly prevalent health-care acquired infection in nursery unit of a health care facility.
96
Class C fires involve
Electrical equipment
97
Blue quadrant of NFPA’s hazard rating
Indicates health hazard
98
3 principles of self-protection from radiation
Time distance and shielding
99
OSHA communication standard states
Labels for hazardous chemicals must provide a warning, explain the nature of hazard, state special precautions to eliminate risks, and explain first aid treatment in the event of a leak, chemical spill, or other exposure to chemical.
100
Right to know law originated with
OSHA
101
What type of extinguishers can you use for type A fire?
Dry chemical or pressurized water.
102
PASS
Pull pin, aim, squeeze handle, sweep side to side
103
A shock victim should be kept in what position
Lying
104
Red quadrant of NFPA’s rating system
Fire hazard
105
Normal PH range
7.35-7.45
106
Prefix that can be used to mean “around”
Peri
107
Prefix that means false
Pseudo
108
Peritonitis
Inflammation of abdominal wall
109
Immunology
Study of antibodies in the serum
110
Hematology
Study of blood and blood forming tissues
111
Proximal end of the forearm means
End close to the point of attachment
112
Creatinine clearance
Evaluated degree to which kidneys are filtering out waste products of metabolism
113
Function of cardiovascular system
Transporting water and nutrient, transporting gases, regulating temperature, helping eliminate waste, maintaining electrolyte balance, regulate blood clotting system, and help with immunity.
114
Systole
Contraction
115
Diastole
Relaxation
116
Serum
Liquid portion that remains after blood clots and is centrifuged.
117
Plasma
Contains fibrinogen and an anticoagulant
118
Leukocytes
Phagocytize pathogenic microorganisms and play a role in immunity through antibody production
119
Fibrinolysis
Final phase of hemostasis, where repair and regeneration of veins take place.
120
Longest vein in the body
Greater saphenous in leg.
121
CBC includes
WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscle volume, mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration
122
Clinical chemistry anticoagulant used in STAT situations
Heparin
123
Major artery in the antcubital area of the arm
Brachial
124
Reference Range for platelets
250,000 to 500,000
125
Cytogenic analysis in what tube?
Green
126
What tube is suitable for blood glucose measurements
Green
127
Why can’t you perform venipuncture in side of mastectomy
Lymph flow to that side might be restricted making them highly susceptible to infection
128
Anxiety can change what blood level
pH
129
Extreme exercise can cause elevation in
Glucose, total protein, albumin, Uric acid, calcium, phosphorous, BUN, creatinine, total and direct billiruben, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphate.
130
What values do cigarettes affect?
Increase glucose, growth hormone, cholesterol, triglyceride
131
What value is falsely elevated with prolonged tourniquet use
Potassium
132
What fluctuates with circadian rhythm
Cortisol
133
Hyperventilation can cause
Acid base imbalances, increased lactate levels, and fatty acid levels.
134
What do microhematocrit tubes contain?
Heparin
135
What anticoagulant is used in blood donations
Acid citrate dextrose
136
Which analytes increase with age
Cholesterol and triglycerides
137
Which of the following agencies offers recommendations for transport and handling of blood specimens for clinical lab testing?
CLSI
138
Distance from skin surface to the bone or cartilage of child in third finger is between
1.5 and 2.4
139
Total blood volume of premature infant is calculated by multiplying weight in kg by
115 mL/kg
140
If venipuncture needs to be performed on a child younger than 2 years of age, the recommended site is
Medial wrist vein
141
Newborn screenings
PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, galactosemia, homocystinuria, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and sickle cell
