cervical + thoracic spine

Question 1

disc bulge

Answer 1

nucleus pulposus bulges into the annulus fibrosis and the disc margin extends beyond the endplates

Question 2

disc protrusion

Answer 2

nuclear pulposus from the disc tears through a small portion of the annulus fibrosis

Question 3

disc extrusion

Answer 3

nucleus pulposus breaks past the outer lamina of the annulus fibrosis and into the space beyond

Question 4

disc sequestration

Answer 4

nucleus pulposus becomes detached from the annulus and then usually resides within the spinal cord canal

Question 5

4 classes of thoracic disc pathology

Answer 5

protrusion
prolapse
extrusion
sequestration

Question 6

is this a primary or secondary facet pathology example:

osteophytes or bone spurs

Answer 6

primary

Question 7

is this a primary or secondary facet pathology example:

MVA

Answer 7

secondary

Question 8

is this a primary or secondary facet pathology example:

whiplash

Answer 8

secondary

Question 9

what movements usually exacerbate facet pain

Answer 9

any movements that “close” the facet
ex: extension or ipsi side bend

Question 10

what is the main weak muscle group in pt with cervical spine pain

Answer 10

deep cervical flexors!!

Question 11

how to test a muscle strain

Answer 11

stretch the muscle –> positive if symptoms are present

Question 12

how does cervical radiculopathy most often occur in the population younger than 40?

Answer 12

disc herniation or acute injury

Question 13

how does cervical radiculopathy most often occur in the older population

Answer 13

degeneration

Question 14

cervical radiculopathy

Answer 14

spinal nerve root dysfunction

Question 15

common sites of pain of a pt with cervical radiculopathy (4)

Answer 15

cervical, scapular, intrascapular, and hand

Question 16

is cervical radiculopathy is aggravated by unilateral or bilateral rotation/side bending?

Answer 16

bilateral!!

Question 17

is cervical facet dysfunction aggravated by unilateral or bilateral rotation/side bending?

Answer 17

unilateral!! one direction aggravates, one direction relieves

Question 18

degenerative joint disease

Answer 18

breakdown of the cervical spine facet articular surfaces with a loss of cartilage

Question 19

what is the body’s response to articular hyaline cartilage breakdown?

Answer 19

inflammation

Question 20

narrowing of joint spaces and sclerosis of articular surfaces at ALL spinal levels is an indication of which disease

Answer 20

degenerative joint disease

Question 21

does degenerative joint disease present unilaterally or bilaterally

Answer 21

unilaterally

Question 22

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