Cervicals and Thoracics

Question 1

Thoracic curve

Answer 1

kyphotic curve (posterior convexity)

Question 2

3 regions of thoracics

Answer 2

upper (T1-4)
middle (T4-8)
lower (T8-12)

Question 3

Rule of 3

Answer 3

T1-3: level
T4-6: 1/2 step up
T6-9: full step up
T10: full step up
T11: 1/2 step up
T12: level

Question 4

erector spinae muscles

Answer 4

spinalis
iliocostalis
longissimus

Question 5

deep back muscles

Answer 5

rotatores and multifidus
posture and directing mvmt
viscerosomatic reflexes

Question 6

thoracic facets

Answer 6

backward
up
lateral
BUL

Question 7

mvmt limited by

Answer 7

facet orientation
shape of vert
size of intervert discs
ligaments
muscle attachments
RIBS

Question 8

upper/middle spine ease of motion

Answer 8

greater rotation and flexion

Question 9

lower spine ease of motion

Answer 9

greater sidebending and even better flexion and extension

Question 10

ribs that prevent thoracic mvmt

Answer 10

2 - 10

Question 11

what prevents flexion

Answer 11

sternal rib attachments

posterior ligaments

Question 12

what prevents extension

Answer 12

anterior ligamnet
facets
lamina
spinous processes

Question 13

flexion on verts

Answer 13

approximation (compression) of anterior vert parts

distraction (separation) or post vert parts

Question 14

extension on verts

Answer 14

approximation (compression) of post vert parts

distraction (separation) of ant vert parts

Question 15

fryette’s 1st law

Answer 15

Type 1
group dysfunction
neutral
opposite SR
SIDEBENT 1st

Question 16

fryette’s 2nd law

Answer 16

single dysfunction
E/F
same SR
ROTATION 1st

Question 17

OA

Answer 17

Translation: ease Y
F/E SxRy
(Primary is F/E, secondary is S/R with S as major)

Question 18

AA

Answer 18

Rotation: ease X
Rx
Rotation around dens

Question 19

typical cervical rules

Answer 19

SAMESIES
N SxRx
F/E RxSx

Question 20

muscles that extend head

Answer 20

rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis superior
obliquus capitis inferior
sternocleidomastoid

Question 21

rectus capitis posterior major action

Answer 21

bi: extend head
uni: rotate head to same side

Question 22

rectus capitis posterior minor action

Answer 22

bi: extend head
uni: rotate head to same side

Question 23

obliquus capitis superior action

Answer 23

bi: extends head
uni: tilts head to same side and rotates to opposite side

Question 24

obliquus capitis inferior action

Answer 24

bi: extends head
uni: rotates head to same side

Question 25

muscles that extend cervical vertebrae

Answer 25

``` interspinalis cervicis spinalic cervicis semispinalis cervicis iliocostalis cervicis longissimus cervicis splenius cervicis intertransversarii posteriores cervicis ```

Question 26

muscles that extend thoracic spine

Answer 26

``` spinalis thoracis rotatores (all) multifidus semispinalis thoracis interspinalis thoracis iliocostalis thoracis longissimus thoracis levatores (all) ```

Question 27

spinalis muscle actions

Answer 27

bi: extend cervical and thoracic spine uni: bend cervical and thoracic spine to same side

Question 28

semispinalis muscle actions

Answer 28

bi: extend C spine, T spine and head uni: bend C spine, T spine and head to same side and rotate to opposite

Question 29

rotatores muscle actions

Answer 29

bi: extends T spine uni: rotates T spine it to opposite side

Question 30

multifides muscle actions

Answer 30

bi: extends spine uni: flex to same side and rotate to opposite

Question 31

sternocleidomastoid actions

Answer 31

bi: extend head, assist w/ resp uni: tilt head to same side, rotates to opposite

Question 32

muscles that flex cervical spine

Answer 32

longus colli

Question 33

muscles that tilt head to same side and rotate to opposite

Answer 33

trapezius (descending) sternocleidomastoid obliquus capitis superior semispinalis capitis

Question 34

semispinalis

Answer 34

capitis cervicis thoracis

Question 35

splenius

Answer 35

capitis | cervicis

Question 36

spinalis

Answer 36

cervicis | thoracis

Question 37

longissimus

Answer 37

capitis cervicis thoracis

Question 38

iliocostalis

Answer 38

cervicis thoracis lumborum