Cestodes Flashcards
1
Q
General characteristics of cestodes
A
- Dorsoventrally flat/ ribbon-like
- bilaterally symmetrical
- segmented
- hermaphroditic/monoecious
- no diget=stive tract
- adults must be found on intestines of definitive host
- intermediate hosts harbor larvae in extraintestinal sites
2
Q
Cestodes are also called
A
Tapeworms
3
Q
Hermaphroditic/monoecious means
A
Both male and female reproductive organs exist in the same organism
4
Q
Cestodes acquire food through
A
Absorption with their tegument (skin-like covering)
5
Q
The two anatomical region of cestodes
A
SCOLEX (anterior)
STROBILA (posterior)
6
Q
This is located in the anterior most end of cestodes which may or may not contain hooks
A
Rostellum (Rostella)
7
Q
Suckers are located in ___________ end and functions as ______________
A
Anterior; attachment and suction
8
Q
Suckers in cestodes vary in shape:
Round/cup = ________
Groove = _________
A
Acetabulum
Bothrium
9
Q
Each segment of a cestode is called
A
Proglottid
10
Q
3 types of proglottid
A
Immature - repro organs are not yet fully developed
Mature - developed but not fertilized yet
Gravid/Ripe - uterus filled w/ ova
11
Q
Segments emerge from the
A
Neck
12
Q
Younger proglottids on cestodes are located
A
Near the neck
**Towards the end = gravid proglottid
13
Q
Definitive host of intestinal cestodes
A
Human
14
Q
Pork tape worm
A
Taenia solium
15
Q
T. Solium infected stool samples demonstrates:
A
Egg or gravid segments
16
Q
T/F: Extraintestinal infection of T. Solium is worse than taenia infection
A
TRUE.
Humans dead end host, larva die in muscle, lungs, brain, eyes = more severe manifestations
17
Q
Number of acetabula on T. Solium
A
4
18
Q
Scolex morphology of T. Solium
A
- 4 suckers (acetabula)
- rostellum w/ double crowns/rings of hooks
19
Q
Describe immature proglottids of T. Solium
A
Wider than long
**Mature = becomes long
20
Q
Part of T. Solum more visible in stool during diagnosis
A
Gravid proglottid
21
Q
What dye is used to identify parts of mature proglottid?
A
India ink or methylene blue
22
Q
To identify the proglottid as T. Solium, count the ________ from the base of the __________ branches
A
Uterine; uterine
23
Q
How many lateral branches does T. Solium have for each side?
A
7-15 lateral branches
24
Q
T. Solium infection shows ____________ in biopsy samples
A
Cystecerus cellulosae/larva (cysticerocis)
25
Most severe form of T. Solium infection
Neurocystecercosis
26
Which type of T. Solium infection is caused by the ingestion of insufficiently cooked/raw pork?
Taeniasis
27
T/F: Taeniasis can ause nutritional deficiency due to tapeworm’s competition to nutrients and irritation
TRUE
28
Extraintestinal infection of T. Solium
Cysticercosis
29
Cysticercosis of T. Solium can be acquired through…
Ingestion of contaminated food/drink w/ fecal material where ova is found = becomes accidental host
30
Diagnosis of taeniasis
Presence of proglottids, eggs, or scolex in stool
31
Beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
32
Difference of T. Solium and T. Saginata in terms of its life cycle
Humans CANNOT serve as intermediate host for T. Saginata
33
Describe the scolex of T. Saginata
- cuboidal
- no rostellum, no hooks
- 4 cup-shaped suckers (acetabula)
34
T/F: T. Saginata has accessory ovarian lobe and vaginal sphincter
FALSE: it has NO accessory ovarian lobe
35
Number of lateral branches of T. Saginata
15-20
36
T. Saginata can be diagnosed through what procedure?
Perianal swab
37
T/F: T. Soilum is motile = it can migrate from intestine to perianal region.
FALSE: T. Saginata proglottid is motile
38
T/F: T. Saginata is larger than T. Solium
TRUE. It can be removed by surgery
39
Manifestations of T. Saginata infection
- epigastric pain
- hunger pangs
- pruritis ani
- intestinal obstruction
40
Fomerly known as T. Saginata subspecie asiatica
T. Asiatica
41
Number of lateral branches of T. Asiatica
11-32
42
What distinguishes cysticercus of T. Solium and T. Asiatica?
T. Asiatica has wart-like protruberances on the surface
43
Gravid segments of T. Solium and T. Asiatica is easily mistaken because…
Their lateral brances numbers overlaps
44
T/F: T. Asiatica does NOT produce cystocercosis in humans
True
45
Intermediate hosts of T. Asiatica
Swine
Cattle
Goats
Monkeys
Wild boar
46
Two important specie of genus hymenolepis
H. Nana
H. Diminuta
47
Dwarf tapeworm
H. Nana
48
Smallest tapeworm that can cause intestinal infection in human
H. Nana
49
Intermediate hosts of H. Nana
Arthropods: grain beetles, flour beetles (found in old stock of rice/flour)
50
Infection of H. Nana is acquired through….
Ingestion of food with cysticercoid larva
51
Which is being identified in stool for H. Nana infection?
Ova
**proglottids are rarely shed
52
_______ are more commonly found as parasites of rodents
H. Nana
53
Primary hosts of H. Nana
Rodents
54
Describe the scolex of H. Nana
- 4 acetabula
- armed rostellum
- Y-shaped hooklets
55
H. Nana has ______ testes and _____ ovary
3; 1 (single)
**gravid proglottid = testes and ovary disappear, uterus enlarge, compartments filled w/ ova
56
Distinguishable characteristic of ova of H. Nana
Two shells/membrance (thick inner/thin outer)
57
Severe immune reaction causes tissue necrosis by which cestode?
H. Nana
58
Rat tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
59
Difference of life cycle between H. Nana and H. Diminuta
H. Diminuta REQUIRES intermediate host to complete life cycle
60
T/F: In terms of morphology, H. Diminuta has 8 hooks
H. Diminuta has NO hooks (unarmed rostellum)
61
Ova of H. Diminuta lacks _______
Bipolar filaments
**H. Nana has bipolar filaments
62
H. Diminuta Cysticercoid is found in __________
Intermediate host
63
Diagnosis of H. Diminuta is through detection of….
Eggs in stool
64
Dog tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
65
Number of genital pores of D. Caninum
2 (Double-pored tapeworm)
66
T/F: D. Caninum is exclusive parasite of dogs
FALSE. Cats can also serve as definitive host
67
In D. Caninum, adults are found in ____________. While larval stage (cysticercoid) is found in ____________.
Intestines of definitive host;
Arthropods as intermediate host
68
Cestode with armed rostellum w 1-7 rows of hooklets (Rosethorn-shaped/broad base)
Dipylidium caninum
69
Pumpkin seed shape proglottids
D. Caninum
70
Dipilydium caninum proglottids appears….
Pumpkin seed shape
Double pores at each side (bilateral genital pores)
2 sets of reproductive organ per proglottid/segment
71
When ova are seen in D. Caninum infection, it appears as…..
Egg packets/capsules
72
Diagnosis of D. Caninum
Proglottids in stool
Egg capsules (rare)
73
Raillietina garrisoni definitive hosts
Rodents
74
R. Garrisoni intermediate hosts
Arthropod vectors
75
Parasite w/ hammer shaped hooks
R. Garrisoni
76
R. Garrisoni scolex morphology
4 acetabula
Armed rostellum
Hammer shaped hooks
Spines surround the rostellum
77
Rice grain proglottid
Raillientina garrisoni
78
Fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
79
In terms of sizes, in cestodes, _________ next to Taenia is large
Diphyllobothrium latum
80
D. Latum is acquired through…
Ingestion of undercooked/raw fish
*Larva emerge and attach to intestinal walls = becomes adult
81
Scolex of D. Latum appears…
Spoon shaped/spatulate/leaf/almond
2 grooves (bothria)
82
The genital pore of D. Latum is (dorsal/ventral)
Ventral
83
Gravid proglottid appears _________ when stained since it is filled w/ ________
Black; eggs
84
Uterus of D. Latum is ____________
Rosette-like/coiled
85
T/F: The ova of D. Latum has abopercular knob and opeculum
TRUE
86
Vitamin B12 deficiency that leads to megaloblastic anemia can possibly caused by……
Diphyllobothrium latum
87
Diagnosis of D. Latum
Egg in stool
Proglottid in stool (RARE)
88
Extraintestinal cestodes are:
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
89
Smallest tapeworms (smaller than H. Nana) associated w/ human disease
Echinoccus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
90
Definitive host of Echinococcus spp.
Canines (Domestic/wild)
91
Intermediate hosts of Echinococcus spp.
Grazing ruminants (Herbivores that chew the cud/grass, sheep, goat)
92
T/F: Echinococcus spp. travels to the visceral organs (lungs/liver)
True
93
Echinococcus spp.’s accidental intermediate hosts:
Humans = dead end
94
Echinococcus spp. adults morphology
3 segments
95
Clinical manifestations of Echinococus spp. infection
Organ impairement, atrophy, necrosis, *depend on location of cyst (liver, lungs, brain, orbit)
96
Diagnosis of Echinococcus spp.
Microscopy (optional)
Imaging
Surgery - confirmatory
Serology
97
Sparganosis is caused by…
Spirometra spp.
98
Most common spirometra spp.
S. Mansoni
99
Previously thought to be D. Latum
Spirometra spp.
100
Spirometra species
S. Mansoni
S. Erinacei
S. Ranarum
101
T/F: Spirometra spp. and D. Latum infections has the exact life cycle
FALSE. Same but humans are NOT definitive hosts of Spirometra spp.
102
Modes of transmission on humans of Spirometra spp.
Ingestion of contaminated water
Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host
Infected intermediate/paratenic host applied on skin (poultice for sores)
Ingestion of flesh of paratenic host
103
Clinical manifestation of Spirometra spp.
Swelling (larva in tissue)
Painful edema
Erythema
Urticaria
Fever/chills
Eosinophilia
104
Diagnosis of spirometra spp.
Larva in lesion thru biopsy/actual extraction of larva from sore
