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Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes are also known as

A

Flukes

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2
Q

Trematodes general morphology

A

Leaf shape
Ventral side is flat
Dorsal side is convex

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3
Q

Hold fast organs of trematodes

A

Suckers

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4
Q

Trematodes have (complete,incomplete) digestive tracts

A

Incomplete

*No anal opening, undigested food regurgitates to oral opening.

*ability to absorb nutrients thru teguments

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5
Q

Reproduction of trematodes (sexual, asexual)

A

BOTH

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6
Q

1st intermediate hosts of trematodes

A

Snails (mollusks)

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7
Q

T/F: All trematodes requires 2 intermediate hosts

A

False. Schistosoma only requires 1 (snail)

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8
Q

Trematode that is not hermaphoditic/monoeious

A

Schistosoma

(Separate male and female adults)

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9
Q

T/F: Schistosoma have operculated eggs

A

FALSE.

All trematodes except schistosoma has

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10
Q

General pattern of trematodes life cycle

A

Adult - egg - miracidium - 1st intermediate host - cercaria - metacercaria - adult

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11
Q

Trematode’s definitive host

A

Human

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12
Q

Trematode: Miracidium infects _______

A

Suitable 1st intermediate host (mollusks)

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13
Q

Trematode: cercaria will infect __________

A

2nd intermediate host (snails, crabs, vegetation)

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14
Q

Trematode: inside the 2nd intermediate host, which will form a cyst in the tissue

A

Metacercaria

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15
Q

The most important genus of medically significant trematodes

A

Genus Schistisoma

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16
Q

Blood flukes

A

Genus Schistisoma

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17
Q

Genus Schistisoma are (homoemicious, diemicious)

A

Diemicious

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18
Q

The most important specie of Schistisoma

A

Schistisoma japonicum

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19
Q

Oriental blood fluke

A

S. Japonicum

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20
Q

Schistisoma spp that is found in mesenteric veins

A

S. Japonicum

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21
Q

The life cycle of S. Japonicum will only be complete if it will be…

A

Shed from the body of the definitive host

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22
Q

S. Japonicum will be acquired by humans if…

A

There is contact with infected water

*cercaria will attach and penetrate the intact skin then reach the blood vessels, reach portal circulation and mature into adults

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23
Q

In terms of morphology, S. Japonicum male are more ________, while female are ______

A

Robust; slender and longer

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24
Q

During copulation of S. Japonicum, female rest on _________

A

Gynecopherol canal on ventral region/side of male adult

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25
Clinical manifestations of S. Japonicum
Swimmer’s itch Katayama fever/Snail fever Bilharziasis (chronic)
26
Diagnosis of S. Japonicum
Eggs in biopsy (INC sensitivity) or stool (often negative) Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT) ELISA Indirect Hemagglutination **Immunodiagnosis common in Ph
27
Trematode found in South America, Central Africa
Schistosoma mansoni
28
Describe the eggs of S. Mansoni
Has large thorn-like/rose thorn-like lateral spine
29
In humans, S. Mansoni is found on
Mesenteric veins of the lower colon
30
S. Haematobium is geographically found in….
the continent of Africa
31
Differentiate the eggs of S. Haematobium and S. Mansoni
S. Mansoni has a spine located laterally while S. Haematobium’s spine is found terminally
32
In humans, S. Haematobium is foun in…
Prostatic and uterine plexuses (around urinary bladder)
33
Which Schistosoma spp requires a urine sample for diagnosis?
S. Haematobium
34
Schistosoma mekongi is found geographically in…
South east asia in the Mekong River basin
35
S. Intercalatum eggs are similar to S. Haematobium but it has…
Curved terminal spine (subjective)
36
T/F. S. Intercalatum can be detected on both feces and urine
True
37
Paragonimus westermani: 1st intermediate host: _________ 2nd intermediate host: __________
1st: Snail 2nd: Crustaceans *Depend on geographical location (prawn, crayfish, crab)
38
P. Westermani is acquired through ingestion of..
Raw/insufficiently cooked crabs
39
P. Westermani adults are found in…
Lungs of definitive host = produce ova
40
P. Westermani eggs/ova passed in…
Sputum or feces
41
Adult fluke looks like coffee bean is…
P. Westermani (7-12mm)
42
P. Westermani diagnosis, usually detected in feces are…
Ova
43
Describe the ova of P. Westermani
Flat operculum, abopercular thickening, tapered,
44
Clinical manifestations of P. Westermani
Pulmonary diseases
45
Symptoms when infected with P. Westermani may be mistaken as…
Pulmonary tuberculosis - chronic cough Rust colored sputum Hemoptysis Similar chest x-rays
46
To differentiate P. Westermani infection and Pulmonary tuberculosis use…
P-Tb - acid fast bacili P. Westermani - ova in sample
47
Giant intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
48
F. Buski adults found in…
Small intestine
49
2nd intermediate host of Fascilopsis buski
Aquatic plants (e.g. Kangkong, water chestnut) *Water chestnut floats in rivers/lakes = seeds eaten raw
50
Diagnostic stage of F. Bruski
Egg/ova
51
F. Bruski is difficult to differentiate from..
Fasciola
52
To differentiate Fasciola and Fasciolopsis identify the…
Infected body site Fasciola: Liver Fasciolopsis: Intestine
53
Echinostoma ilocanum and Artyfechinostonum malayanum’s 2nd intermediate host: _______
Snails
54
E. Ilocanum and A. Malayanum can be acquired through…
Ingestion of snails PH: Pomacea caniculata (Golden Kuhol)
55
T/F: A. Malayanum demonstrates collar spines
FALSE: Adult E. Ilocanum demonstrates collar spines
56
Number of testis of E. Ilocanum
2
57
Diagnosis of E. Ilocanum/A. Malayanum
Eggs in stool
58
Flukes found in Japan
Heterophyid Flukes
59
2nd intermediate host of heterophyid flukes
Fish
60
Parasite of fish eating hosts
Heterophyid flukes
61
Heterophyid flukes species
Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Haplorchis taichui Haplorchis yokogawai
62
Heterophyes has ____ acetabulum Metangonimus has __ acetabulum
3 (3rd: genital sucker) 2
63
Manifestations of heterophyid flukes
Inflammation and excessive mucus production Eggs and adults found in ectopic sites (occasionally) Damage to intestinal tract
64
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are infections in…
Liver
65
Liver flukes
Sheep: F. Hepatica (temperature liver fluke) Giant liver fluke - F. Gigantica (tropical liver fluke)
66
2nd intermediate host of Fasciola spp
Aquatic Plants SImilar to F. Bruski
67
Adult of what trematode has a cephalic cones (triagular shape in anterior end)
Fasciola spp.
68
Hepatomegaly is a clinical manifestation of which trematode
F. Hepatica, F. Gigantica (fasciola spp)
69
Halzoun is manifested by which trematode
Fasciola spp. suffocation due to temporary lodging of worm in the pharynx brought by ingestion of RAW liver
70
Eggs in bile may be diagnostic for…
Fasciola spp
71
T/F: Eggs in stool may be result of ingesting cooked liver but does not cause infection
True
72
Chinese liver flukes
Clonorchis sinensis
73
Cat liver fluke
Opisthorcis felineus
74
Differentiate adult morphology of Clonorchis and Opisthorchis
Clonorchis: branched testis Opisthorchis: Lobed testis (2 lobes)
75
Associated with liver and bile duct carcinoma
Clonorchis and opisthorchis
76
Oriental lung fluke
P. Westermani
77
Smallest trematode
Heterophyid flukes
78
Largest trematode that produces disease
Fasciola spp.

Parasitology (3 decks)

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