CESTODES Flashcards
1
Q
PLATYHELMINTHES
Classes:
A
Cestoda
Trematoda
2
Q
Morphology:
1. [?], segmented, generally flattened [?]
2. No [?]
3. Food is absorbed by the [?]
A
Elongated, ribbon-like; dorsoventrically
alimentary tract and vascular system
cuticle
3
Q
Parts:
A
Scolex
Neck
Strobila
4
Q
The segments are either:
A
Craspedote
Acraspedote
Apolytic
Anapolytic
5
Q
: proglottids overlap
A
Craspedote
6
Q
: proglottids don’t overlap
A
Acraspedote
7
Q
: segments are detached with mature eggs
A
Apolytic
8
Q
: proglottids are shed when they are exhausted of eggs
A
Anapolytic
9
Q
Excretory system has
A
flame cell/protonephridium
10
Q
Reproductive System (most cestodes are [?] and exhibit [?])
A
MONOECIOUS
protandry
11
Q
Vas deferens and vagina have common genital pores that may open on the following:
A
a. Ventral surface with uterine pore (D. latum)
b. Lateral: same side of proglottids (Hymenolepis species)
c. Lateral: irregularly alternate (Taenia spp)
d. Bilateral: 2 sets of reproductive organs are present (D. caninum)
12
Q
a. Ventral surface with uterine pore
A
(D. latum)
13
Q
b. Lateral: same side of proglottids
A
(Hymenolepis species)
14
Q
c. Lateral: irregularly alternate
A
(Taenia spp)
15
Q
d. Bilateral: 2 sets of reproductive organs are present
A
(D. caninum)
16
Q
- male copulatory organ
A
CIRRUS
17
Q
Male uterus
A
a. Coiled
b. Secular
c. Tube or straight
18
Q
Gravid uterus
A
a. Reticular with ova in capsules (D. caninum)
b. With lateral branches (Taenia spp)
19
Q
a. Reticular with ova in capsules
A
(D. caninum)
20
Q
b. With lateral branches
A
(Taenia spp)
21
Q
TWO MAIN CLASSES OF LARVA:
A
- Solid
- Vesicular or bladder or cystic
22
Q
- Solid
- Vesicular or bladder or cystic
A
a. Procercoid - 2nd larval stage; bears 6 hooks near the posterior end
b. Plerocercoid - 3rd larval stage; has a solid body with a developing scolex & strobila
a. Cysticercoid - has a solid body with an invaginated scolex with poorly developed bladder or no bladder
b. Cysticercus or the true bladder - has a fluid-filled and fully developed bladder Variations:
Coenerus - has a well-developed cyst with multiple invaginated scolices from the germinal layer
Echinococcus/ hydatid cyst - has a well-developed cyst with brood capsules and daughter cells with multiple scolices
23
Q
- 2nd larval stage
A
Proercoid
24
Q
bears 6 hooks near the posterior end
A
a. Procercoid
25
- 3rd larval stage
26
has a solid body with a developing scolex & strobila
b. Plerocercoid
27
- has a solid body with an invaginated scolex with poorly developed bladder or no bladder
a. Cysticercoid
28
- has a fluid-filled and fully developed bladder
b. Cysticercus or the true bladder
29
b. Cysticercus or the true bladder Variations:
Coenerus
Echinococcus/ hydatid cyst
30
- has a well-developed cyst with multiple invaginated scolices from the germinal layer
Coenerus
31
- has a well-developed cyst with brood capsules and daughter cells with multiple scolices
Echinococcus/ hydatid cyst
32
Almond shape, with 2 sucking grooves or bothria
Scolex Pseudophyllidean
33
Genital pore Pseudophyllidean
Center of the segment
34
Uterine pore Pseudophyllidean
Center of the segment
35
Uterus Pseudophyllidean
Coiled
36
Ova Pseudophyllidean
Operculated, immature when laid
37
Oncosphere Pseudophyllidean
Ciliated and called coracidium
38
Larval forms Pseudophyllidean
Solid
a. Procercoid
b. Plerocercoid
39
Example Pseudophyllidean
40
Scolex Cyclophyllidean
with 4 muscular suckers
41
Genital pore Cyclophyllidean
Margins of segment
42
Uterine pore Cyclophyllidean
None
43
Uterus Cyclophyllidean
Sac-like; branched, eggs in capsule
44
Ova Cyclophyllidean
Non-operculated, mature when laid
45
Oncosphere Cyclophyllidean
Non-ciliated but with 3 pairs of hooks and called hexacanth embryo
46
Larval forms Cyclophyllidean
Cystic
a. cysticercoids
b. cysticercus
c. coenurus
d. hydatid
47
Example Cyclophyllidean
Diphyllobothrium latum
48
Fish tapeworm/Broad tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
49
Infective stage to man: plerocercoid larva
Diphyllobothrium latum
50
cosmopolitan but prevalent in temperate zone where fresh water fish forms integral part of the diet (Europe, lake region of Switzerland, North America, Asia)
Diphyllobothrium latum
51
• 1st IH: copepods of Genus Cyclops and Diaptomus
Diphyllobothrium latum
52
• 2nd IH: Fresh water fishes like pike, salmon, trout, white fish
Diphyllobothrium latum
53
• Reservoir hosts: dogs and cats
Diphyllobothrium latum
54
• Final Host: man
Diphyllobothrium latum
55
Ova/Eggs ➢ 30-50 μm
Diphyllobothrium latum
56
Ova/Eggs ➢ Single shelled, broadly ovoidal with the Posterior part thickened and with operculum at one end.
Diphyllobothrium latum
57
Ova/Eggs ➢ Yellowish to yellowbrown in color
Diphyllobothrium latum
58
Ova/Eggs ➢ Immature if found in feces
Diphyllobothrium latum
59
Ova/Eggs ➢ 100,000 eggs/day
Diphyllobothrium latum
60
Coracidium ➢ liberated from eggshell
Diphyllobothrium latum
61
Coracidium ➢ ciliated
Diphyllobothrium latum
62
➢ swims freely in the water
Diphyllobothrium latum Coracidium
63
Procercoid larvae ➢ measures 550 in length
Diphyllobothrium latum
64
Procercoid larvae ➢ with 3 pairs of hooklets
Diphyllobothrium latum
65
Plerocercoid larvae/sparganum ➢ Measures 6 mm in length
Diphyllobothrium latum
66
Plerocercoid larvae/sparganum ➢ Glistening, opaque white
Diphyllobothrium latum
67
Plerocercoid larvae/sparganum ➢ Unsegmented and has an invaginated anterior end
Diphyllobothrium latum
68
Plerocercoid larvae/sparganum ➢ No scolex
Diphyllobothrium latum
69
Adult ➢ Largest tapeworm of man
Diphyllobothrium latum
70
Adult ➢ Measures 3-10 mm in length with as many as 3, 000 proglottids
Diphyllobothrium latum
71
Adult ➢ Ivory white in color
Diphyllobothrium latum
72
Scolex ➢ Almond shaped, unarmed and has 2 deep dorsoventral suctorial grooves
Diphyllobothrium latum
73
Proglottids ➢ Mature segment is broader than long
Diphyllobothrium latum
74
Diphyllobothriasis, Fish or Broad tapeworm infection, Bothriocephaliasis
Diphyllobothrium latum
75
➢ Systemic toxemia
Diphyllobothrium latum
76
➢ Mechanical obstruction of the intestines
Diphyllobothrium latum
77
➢ Bothriocephalus anemia of Tapeworm pernicious anemia
Diphyllobothrium latum
78
Macrocytic normochromic anemia; with thrombocytopenia ; mild leukopenia
Diphyllobothrium latum
79
➢ Intense local inflammation and eosinophilia x
Diphyllobothrium latum
80
➢ Human sparganosis
Diphyllobothrium latum
81
➢ Ocular sparganosis
Diphyllobothrium latum
82
– intense pain,irritation and edematous swelling of the eye lids
➢ Ocular sparganosis
83
1. Examination of eggs and proglottids in feces
Diphyllobothrium latum
84
2. Kato thick smear preparation
Diphyllobothrium latum
85
3. Concentration technique
Diphyllobothrium latum
86
4. Surgical removal of the worms and drainage of the involved sites ( Human sparganosis)
Diphyllobothrium latum
87
Freezing (-18oC) for 24 hours or (-10oC) for 48 hours
Diphyllobothrium latum
88
Fish reservoirs should be kept free of raw sewage
Diphyllobothrium latum
89
Boiling and filtering of drinking water
Diphyllobothrium latum
90
De-worming of reservoir hosts
Diphyllobothrium latum
91
Thorough cooking of freshwater fishes
Diphyllobothrium latum
92
In endemic areas, feces should not be discarded into rivers and lakes
Diphyllobothrium latum
93
Praziquantel (5-10 mg/kg single dose)- Drug of choice
Diphyllobothrium latum
94
- Drug of choice
Praziquantel (5-10 mg/kg single dose)
95
Niclosamide or Quinacrine hydrochloride
Diphyllobothrium latum
96
- used to kill adult D. latum
Niclosamide or Quinacrine hydrochloride
97
Paramomycine
Diphyllobothrium latum
98
40% ethyl alcohol with Procaine
Diphyllobothrium latum
99
injected into the lesion to kill plerocercoid
40% ethyl alcohol with Procaine
100
pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
101
beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
102
Asian Taenia
Taenia saginata asiatica
103
Dwarf Tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
104
Rat Tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
105
Double-Pored Tapeworm/ Dog TW
Dipylidium caninum
106
Intermediate host: pig, man
Taenia solium
107
Definitive host: man
Taenia solium
108
Intermediate host: cow
Taenia saginata
109
Definitive host: man
Taenia saginata
110
Intermediate host: pig, cattle, goats, wild boars, monkeys
Taiwan taenia
111
Intermediate host: fleas, rice and flour beetles (Tenebrio spp)
Hymenolepis nana
112
Definitive host: man, rats, mice ✓ Rats: H. nana var. fraternal
Hymenolepis nana
113
Accidental host: Human
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
114
Requires intermediate host
Hymenolepis diminuta
115
Ova/Eggs ✓ brown, spherical
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
116
Ova/Eggs ✓ 31-35 microns in diameter
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
117
Ova/Eggs ✓ with 2 radially striated shells
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
118
Scolex ✓ globular with 4 suckers
Taenia solium
119
Scolex ✓ armed with rostellum (circular tow of hooks)
Taenia solium
120
Proglottid ✓ 5 x 10 mm in size
Taenia solium
121
Proglottid ✓ with 800-1000 proglottids
Taenia solium
122
Gravid proglottid ✓ contains 30,000-50,000 eggs
Taenia solium
123
Gravid proglottid ✓ uterus exhibit 7-12 lateral branching
Taenia solium
124
Adult ✓ whitish, opaque in color
Taenia saginata
125
Adult ✓ 5 to 10 meters in length
Taenia saginata
126
Adult ✓ each gravid proglottid contains 80,000 eggs
Taenia saginata
127
• Life cycle of T. saginata: same as T. solium except for the
intermediate host
128
Scolex ✓ with sunken rostellum, 2 rows of hooklets
Taenia saginata asiatica
129
Adult Scolex ✓ unarmed
Taiwan taenia
130
Ovum ✓ 45 µm in diameter; 4-8 “polar filaments”
Hymenolepis nana
131
Ovum ✓ Size: 30-55 µm
Hymenolepis nana
132
Ovum ✓ Oncosphere: six hooks (seen as dark lines at 8 o’clock)
Hymenolepis nana
133
Larva (Cysticercoid) ✓ Tailed structure w/invaginated scolex
Hymenolepis nana
134
Larva (Cysticercoid) ✓ Lacks a fluid filled bladder
Hymenolepis nana
135
Larva (Cysticercoid) ✓ Develops in insect or human villi (SI)
Hymenolepis nana
136
Adults ✓ Small, L: 15-50 mm
Hymenolepis nana
137
Adults ✓ Scolex: retractable rostellum w/20-30 Y-shaped hooklets
Hymenolepis nana
138
Adults ✓ Segments: wider than long, terminal gravid segments break up and release eggs
Hymenolepis nana
139
Adults ✓ Genital pore: located on the same side
Hymenolepis nana
140
Ova/Eggs ➢ hexacanth larva (oncosphere)
Hymenolepis diminuta
141
Ova/Eggs
- Enclosed in an inner membrane
Hymenolepis diminuta
142
Ova/Eggs
- Lacks bipolar filaments
Hymenolepis diminuta
143
Ova/Eggs
- Hooklets: fan-like arrangement
Hymenolepis diminuta
144
Ova/Eggs
➢ D: 60-80 µm, bile stained
Hymenolepis diminuta
145
Adult ➢ L: 40-60 cm
Hymenolepis diminuta
146
Adult ➢ scolex is club-shaped: unarmed rostellum with four suckers
Hymenolepis diminuta
147
Adult ➢ Proglottids: - L: 0.75 mm; W: 3.5 mm
Hymenolepis diminuta
148
Adult ➢ Proglottids: - 3 ovoid testes and 1 ovary
Hymenolepis diminuta
149
Adult ➢ Proglottids: - Genital pores: unilateral
Hymenolepis diminuta
150
Adult ➢ Proglottids: - Uterus: sac-like with eggs
Hymenolepis diminuta
151
Ova/Eggs ✓ sub spherical to oval
Dipylidium caninum
152
Ova/Eggs ✓ hyaline with thick transparent albuminous covering with membranes
Dipylidium caninum
153
Ova/Eggs ✓ each egg contains an oncosphere with 3 pairs of delicate hooklet
Dipylidium caninum
154
Scolex ✓ rhomboidal-shaped
Dipylidium caninum
155
Scolex ✓ with a club-shaped rostellum and thorn shaped hooks
Dipylidium caninum
156
Proglottid (60-175 proglottids)
Dipylidium caninum
157
Proglottid ✓ mature- pumpkin seed shaped with double set of reproductive organs
Dipylidium caninum
158
Proglottid ✓ gravid- filled with polygonal-shape uterine egg pocket (8-15 effs in each)
Dipylidium caninum
159
MOT: eating raw pig liver; cattle and goat
Taenia saginata asiatica
160
Infective stage:
✓ embryonated ova (Direct Life Cycle)
✓ cysticercoid larva (Indirect Life Cycle)
Hymenolepis nana
161
Habitat: Lumen of small intestine of dogs
Dipylidium caninum
162
✓ Very common parasite of dogs and cats worldwide
Dipylidium caninum
163
✓cosmopolitan in dogs and cats
Dipylidium caninum
164
✓human infection is raMorphologyre
Dipylidium caninum
165
Taeniasis solium, Pork tapeworm infection, Cysticercosis
Taeniasis solium, Pork tapeworm infection, Cysticercosis
166
Taeniasis saginata infection
Taeniasis saginata
167
Dwarf tapeworm infection
Hymenolepis nana
168
Human: accidental infections
Hymenolepis diminuta
169
Dipylidiasis or Dog tapeworm infection
Dipylidium caninum
170
Taeniasis solium – caused by
adult tapeworm
171
➢ Characterized by mild transitory intestinal obstruction and may give rise to vague abdominal pain similar to hunger pains
Taeniasis solium
172
➢ Caused by the ingestion of raw of insufficiently cooked pork containing cysticercus cellulosae
Taeniasis solium
173
Cysticercosis cellulosae – caused by the
cysticercus cellulosae
174
➢ Caused by the accidental ingestion of T. solium, or thru regurgitation of eggs and gravid segments of the parasite into the stomach
Cysticercosis cellulosae
175
➢ Cysticercus cellulosae may lodge in vital organs like the brain, spinal cord, heart, liver, eyes etc. giving rise to pressure symptoms
Cysticercosis cellulosae
176
➢ The presence of growing larva provokes cellular reactions with blood cell infiltration, fibrosis, necrosis of the capsule
Cysticercosis cellulosae
177
– may cause epilepsy or disordered behavior, intermittent obstructive hydrocephaly, disequilibrium, meningoencephalitis and falling vision.
➢ (60-90%) Neurocysticercosis
178
➢ Stool examination- DFS, KTS, Concentration Techniques
Taenia saginata
179
➢ Perianal Scotch Tape method
Taenia saginata
180
Fecalysis
Hymenolepis nana
181
➢ Fecalysis: eggs and whole worm
Hymenolepis diminuta
182
➢ Light infections: concentration techniques
Hymenolepis diminuta
183
A thorough inspection of beef and pork
Taenia solium
184
➢ adequate cooking or freezing
Taenia solium
185
➢ Freezing meat at -20oC for 10 days
Taenia solium
186
Avoid eating raw pork
Taenia solium
187
Proper disposal of human feces
Taenia solium
188
Good personal hygiene
Taenia solium
189
➢ Preventing fecal contamination of food and water in institutions and crowded areas
Hymenolepis nana
190
➢ General sanitation: rodent and insect control (especially control o f fleas and grain insects)
Hymenolepis nana
191
➢ Treatment of infected patients
Hymenolepis nana
192
➢ Personal hygiene
Hymenolepis nana
193
Preventing fecal contamination of food and water in institutions and crowded areas
Hymenolepis diminuta
194
Protection of food especially the precooked cereals from insects
Hymenolepis diminuta
195
General sanitation; rodent & insect control
Hymenolepis diminuta
196
Treatment of infected patients
Hymenolepis diminuta
197
Personal hygiene
Hymenolepis diminuta
198
Sanitary disposal of human waste
Hymenolepis diminuta
199
Bithionol, Panomomycin
Taenia solium
200
Praziquantel
Hymenolepis nana (25mg/kg single dose)
Hymenolepis diminuta (25mg/kg single dose)
Taenia solium
201
Niclosamide
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
202
: causes vacuolization and disruption of tegument at the neck region
Praziquantel (25mg/kg single dose)
203
Quinacrine
Hymenolepis diminuta
204
METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATING TAENIA SPECIES
1. Examine the proglottids in the feces
2. Examine the scolex
205
➢ inject dye (India ink or safranin) using gauge 26 needle
1. Examine the proglottids in the feces
206
2. Examine the scolex
: armed with rostellum with 4 muscular suckers
: unarmed with 4 muscular suckers
➢ T. solium
➢ T. saginata
207
Pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
208
Beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
209
Taeniasis solium
Taenia solium
210
CYSTICERCOSIS
Taenia solium
211
Taeniasis saginata
Taenia saginata
212
Globular in shape with 4 cup-shaped suckers
Taenia solium
213
rostellum and double rows of hooklets
Taenia solium
214
Pyriform in shape with 4 muscular suckers
Taenia saginata
215
NO hooklets
Taenia saginata
216
Roughly square with unilateral or irregularly alternate genital pore
Taenia solium
217
Irregularly alternate lateral genital pore
Taenia saginata
218
Segments 800-1000
Taenia solium
219
Segments 1000-2000
Taenia saginata
220
Testes 300-400
Taenia saginata
221
Uterine branches 7-12
Taenia solium
222
Uterine branches 15-30
Taenia saginata
223
Cysticercus cellulosae
Taenia solium
224
ellipsoidal, translucent, thin walled bladder
Cysticercus cellulosae
225
with an opaque invaginated neck
Cysticercus cellulosae
226
scolex equipped with suckers and hooks
Cysticercus cellulosae
227
Cysticercus bovis
Taenia saginata
228
pinkish cyst, opaque, with invaginated neck and scolex
Cysticercus bovis
229
Testes 150-200
Taenia solium
230
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
231
Rat tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
232
Dwarf tapeworm infection
Hymenolepis nana
233
Hymenolepiasis diminuta infection
Hymenolepis diminuta
234
Small, globular
Hymenolepis nana
235
bears a short refractile rostellum
Hymenolepis nana
236
with a single row of 20-30 small hooks
Hymenolepis nana
237
Club-shaped
Hymenolepis diminuta
238
has rudimentary unarmed rsotellum
Hymenolepis diminuta
239
No of segments : 200
Hymenolepis nana
240
No of segments: 800-1000
Hymenolepis diminuta
241
Trapezoidal
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
242
4x as broad as long with single genital pore on its left side
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
243
3 round testes
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
244
bilobed ovary
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
245
Sacculate
Hymenolepis nana
246
Sacculate, filled with egg masses
Hymenolepis diminuta
247
Has 4-8 polar filaments
Hymenolepis nana
248
No polar filament
Hymenolepis diminuta
249
Upper 2/3 of ileum
Hymenolepis nana
250
S.I of rats and mice
Hymenolepis diminuta
251
Infective stage Embryonated ova
Hymenolepis nana
252
Infective stage Cysticercoid larvae
Hymenolepis diminuta
253
Intermediate hosts Flour fleas, flor beetles
Hymenolepis nana
254
Intermediate hosts Insects, such as beetles, cockroaches, rat fleas
Hymenolepis diminuta
255
Definitive host Man, rats, mice
Hymenolepis nana
256
Definitive host Man, rat
Hymenolepis diminuta
257
Hydatid Worm, Hydatid cyst
Echinococcus granulosus
258
Intermediate host: sheep, cattles, horses
Echinococcus granulosus
259
Definitive host: dogs and other canines
Echinococcus granulosus
260
Australia, New Zealand, South Arica and Africa
Echinococcus granulosus
261
Echinococcus granulosus Infective stage
embryonated ova
262
Echinococcus granulosus Diagnostic stage
Larval stage
263
Eggs
cannot be differentiated from the eggs of Taenia
Echinococcus granulosus
264
Adult
shortest tapeworm with only 3 segments
Echinococcus granulosus
265
Adult
3-9 mm in length
Echinococcus granulosus
266
Adult
SCOLEX: Pyriform with 4 suckers and armed rostellum (double crown of 20-36 hooklets)
Echinococcus granulosus
267
Adult
PROGLOTTIDS: Immature, mature and gravid proglottid
Echinococcus granulosus
268
Adult
✓ Gravid segment- uterus with its lateral invagination resemble a loosely twisted coil.
Echinococcus granulosus
269
Adult
Uterus has 12-15 branches distended with around 500 eggs.
Echinococcus granulosus
270
Larva: hydatid cyst
Echinococcus granulosus
271
Man is parasitized only by the LARVA (hydatid cyst) of the tapeworm.
Echinococcus granulosus
272
The dog is the optimum definitive host which consumes the viscera of the IH containing the infective larval stage and thereby becomes infected.
Echinococcus granulosus
273
Damage produced by the larval forms are mechanical and toxic.
Echinococcus granulosus
274
Young cyst may lodge in vital organs like the capillary beds of brain or heart valves producing dangerous obstruction.
Echinococcus granulosus
275
In the bone, they cause erosion leading to fracture. In the abdomen, they grow into tremendous size and burst, followed by anaphylactic reactions caused by the toxic hydatid fluid
Echinococcus granulosus
276
- Obstructive jaundice
- Fever
- eosinophilia
Liver (66%)
277
- Coughing with allergic symptoms
- Sputum: frothy blood, mucus, hydatid fluid
Lungs (22%)
278
- Intermittent pain
- Hematuria
- Kidney dysfunction
Kidneys (3%)
279
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Jacksonian epilepsy
Brain
280
: for hydatid cyst in the lungs, thoracic involvement, extrahepatic abdominal cyst and in the long bones femur)
X-ray (Roentgenography)
281
: vibrations felt which is a special diagnostic sign in unilocular hydatid cyst of the abdominal viscera
Hydatid thrill
282
X-ray (Roentgenography)
Echinococcus granulosus
283
Hydatid thrill
Echinococcus granulosus
284
Exploratory cysts puncture
Echinococcus granulosus
285
CBC-eosinophilia
Echinococcus granulosus
286
Echinococcus granulosus
Immunologic tests
➢ Bentonite flocculation test
➢ Casoni’s test intradermal test
➢ FAT, IHA, ELISA, Immunoelectrophoresis
287
Personal hygiene
Echinococcus granulosus
288
Deworming of dogs
Echinococcus granulosus
289
Safeguarding all discarded viscera in slaughter houses by boiling or dumping into dog proof pits
Echinococcus granulosus
290
Surgical removal of the cyst; Replacement of the cyst fluid with 10% formalin or 2% AgNO3
Echinococcus granulosus
291
Albendazole: 400 mg 2x a day for 4 weeks
Echinococcus granulosus
292
High dose of Mebendazole
Echinococcus granulosus
293
the broad-headed tapeworm
a) Raillietina cesticillus
294
the nodular tapeworm
b) Raillietina echinobothrida
295
up to 13 cm long and 1-3 mm wide
a) Raillietina cesticillus
296
up to 25 cm long and 1 -4 mm wide
b) Raillietina echinobothrida
tetragona
297
up to 25 cm long and 1-4 mm wide
b) Raillietina echinobothrida
298
up to 7 cm long and 1.5 mm wide
d) Raillietina bonini
299
in chicken, turkey and many wild birds
a) Raillietina cesticillus
300
in numerous domestic and wild birds
d) Raillietina tetragona
301
mainly in pigeons
d) Raillietina bonini
302
found worldwide
a) Raillietina cesticillus
b) Raillietina echinobothrida
c) Raillietina tetragona
303
found in Europe, Near and Middle East
d) Raillietina bonini
304
in chicken, pigeon, pheasants
b) Raillietina echinobothrida
305
Common intestinal cestode of rodents in the Philippines
1. Raillietina garrisoni
306
“Gid worm”
2. Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
307
Synonym: Echinococcus alveolaris
4. Echinococcus multilocularis
308
Intermediate host: flour beetle (Tribolium confusum)
1. Raillietina garrisoni
309
Intermediate host: herbivores
2. Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
310
Definitive host: dogs, wolves and fox
2. Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
311
Intermediate host: rodents and sometimes humans
4. Echinococcus multilocularis
312
Definitive host: fox, canines, coyotes, cats
4. Echinococcus multilocularis
313
known in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, South and North America
4. Echinococcus multilocularis
314
Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps Infective stage
embryonated ova
315
➢ L: 60 cm
Raillietina garrisoni
316
➢ Scolex: minute; subglobular, has rostellum with 90-140 hammer shaped hooks
Raillietina garrisoni
317
➢ Mature proglottid: bilobed, surrounded by 36-50 ovoid testes
Raillietina garrisoni
318
➢ Genital pore: opens at the side
Raillietina garrisoni
319
Adult: 40-60 cm
Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
320
➢ Scolex: pyriform with double circles of rostellar hook
Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
321
➢ Uterus: 18-20 branches
Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
322
Morphology & Life cycle: similar to E. granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
323
➢ Adult: 3-5 segments (1.23.7mm)
Echinococcus multilocularis
324
➢ Cyst: multilocular
Echinococcus multilocularis
325
cerebral & ocular coenurosis (coenurosis- BLADDER WORM)
Multiceps multiceps/ Taenia multiceps
326
Alveolar Hydatid disease
Echinococcus multilocularis
327
➢ Asymptomatic
Raillietina garrisoni
328
➢ Medical consultation: proglottids in feces
Raillietina garrisoni
329
varies, some infections may spontaneously disappear, others go till death
Echinococcus multilocularis
330
Fecalysis – Proglottids and ova
Raillietina garrisoni
331
➢ Elimination of rodents
Raillietina garrisoni
Multiceps multiceps
332
➢ Proper storage of grain products
Raillietina garrisoni
Multiceps multiceps
333
➢ Sanitary waste disposal
Raillietina garrisoni
Multiceps multiceps
334
Praziquantel: to expel the worm
Raillietina garrisoni
Multiceps multiceps
335
➢ Surgery
Echinococcus multilocularis
336
➢ High doses of Albendazole- resistant to praziquantel
Echinococcus multilocularis
337
• genus of parasitic tapeworms that has chicken, turkey, geese and numerous other domestic and wild birds as final hosts.
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN: RAILLIETINA
338
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN: RAILLIETINA
• The most relevant ones are:
a) Raillietina cesticillus
b) Raillietina echinobothrida
c) Raillietina tetragona
d) Raillietina bonini
339
, include multiple species of flat worms that can reside in the human gastrointestinal tract
Cestodes, or tapeworms
340
The species that most commonly cause human disease include
Taenia saginatum, Taenia solium, Diphyllobothrium latum and Hymenolepis nana among others
