Cestodes and Metacestodes Flashcards by Mollie Burton

Dipylidiasis

Dipylidium caninum

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Dipylidium caninum - Common name

Double-pored tapeworm

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Dipylidium caninum - Taxonomy

Class: Cestoidea
Order: Cyclophyllidea

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Dipylidium caninum - Hosts and distribution

Dog, cat, fox

Cosmopolitan

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Dipylidium caninum - Morphology

2 genital pores
Up to 50 cm/19” long
Eggs in egg packets

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Dipylidium caninum - Life cycle

Egg packets released from host rectum
Eaten by flea larva and becomes a cysticercoid
Host eats infected flea
Adults develop in small intestine

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Dipylidium caninum - PPP

2-3 weeks

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Dipylidium caninum - Pathology

Blockage in heavy infections

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Dipylidium caninum - Clinical signs

Minimal
Emaciation in severe infections
Abdominal discomfort

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Dipylidium caninum - Diagnosis

Gravid segments around anus

Egg packets in fecal exam

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Dipylidium caninum - Treatment

Praziquantel
Epsiprantel
MUST TREAT FOR FLEAS TOO

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Dipylidium caninum - Public health

Rarely children will become infected

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Taeniasis

Taenia pisiformis

Taenia taeniaeformis

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Taenia sp. - Common name

Taenias

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Taenia sp. - Hosts and distribution

Dogs and cats

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Taenia sp. - Taxonomy

Class: Cestoidea
Family: Taeniidae

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Taenia sp. - Morphology

Big
Scole with arm rostellum
Single marginal genital pores

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Taenia pisiformis - Metacestode, IH, and Location

Metacestode: Cysticercus
IH: Rabbit
Location: Peritoneal cavity

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Taenia taeniaeformis - Metacestode, IH, and Location

Metacestode: Strobilocercus
IH: Rodents
Location: Liver

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Taenia sp. - Life cycle

Gravid segments in feces
Eggs ingested by IH
Hexacanth embryo develops into metacestode
Host eats IH with metacestode
Tapes mature in small intestine

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Taenia sp. - PPP

2-3 months

Taenia sp. - Pathology

Usually none unless heavy infection

Metacestode in IH can cause physiological or neurological damage

Taenia sp. - Clinical signs

No definite signs

Taenia sp. - Diagnosis

Segments in feces

Eggs in feces

Taenia sp. - Treatment

Fenbendazole Praziquantel Epsiprantel

Taenia sp. - Control

1. Regular anthelmintic treatment of dogs and cats | 2. Don't permit pets to eat rabbits or rodents

Taenia sp. - Public health

Only Echinococcus granulosus (alveolar hydatid disease and cystic hydatid disease) and E. multiocularis Kills people

Echinococcus sp. - Morphology

Typical taenia type egg | Adults 1-6 mm

Cestodiasis

Mesocestoides spp.

Mesocestoides spp. - Host and distribution

Canids, cats, raccoons, foxes | Western US

Mesocestoides spp. - Morphology

Scolex with 4 suckers but no hooks or rostellum | 1 m in length

Mesocestoides spp. - Life cycle

1st IH: cysticercoid in oribatid mite or dung beetle | 2nd IH: tetrathyridia in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Mesocestoides spp. - Pathology

Intestinal infection non-pathogenic | Tetrathyridial infection in dogs and cats can cause severe peritonitis

Mesocestoides spp. - Clinical signs

Adults: Usually none | Peritoneal mesocestodiasis: Ascites, anorexia, weight loss, emesis, diarrhea, depression, fever

Mesocestoides spp. - Diagnosis

Adults: Motile segments in stool or eggs in fecal | PLC - Clinical signs and identification of tetrathyridia in abdominal effusion

Mesocestoides spp. - Treatment

Adult tapes: Prazi | PLC: Fenbendazole & peritoneal lavage

Mesocestoides spp. - Public health

Ingetions of tetrathyridia in undercooked meat

Pseudophyllidea

Diphyllobothrium latum | Spirometra mansonoidea

Diphyllobothrium latum - Common name

Broad fish tapeworm

Spirometra mansonoideas - Common name

Zipper tapeworm

Pseudophyllidea - Taxonomy

Class: Cestoidea Order: Pseudophyllidea Family: Diphyllobothridae

Pseudophyllidea - Morphology

Large worms Scolex elongated with 2 bothria (no suckers or hooks) Operculated eggs

Diphyllobothrium latum - Life cycle

Operculated eggs escape intestine Coracidium hatch in water and eaten by copepod Develops into a proceroid Copepod eaten by a fish, becomes plerocercoid in fish muscles Host eats fish with plerocercoid

Spirometra mansonoides - Life cycle

Operculated eggs escape intestine Coracidium hatch in water and eaten by copepod Develops into a proceroid Copepod eaten by a frog, water snake, or rodent and becomes plerocercoid in SQ tissue Host eats fish with plerocercoid

Pseudophyllidea - PPP

2-6 weeks

Pseudophyllidea - Pathology

Not in dogs and cats

Pseudophyllidea - Clinical signs

None

Pseudophyllidea - Diagnosis

Fecal sedimentation | Recovery of gravid segments in feces

Diphyllobothrium latum - Treatment

None approved | Praziquantel

Spirometra mansonoides - Treatment

None approved | Praziquantel

Diphyllobothrium latum - Public health

Humans infected as a result of eating undercooked fish | Vitamin B12 deficiency, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, fatigue

Spirometra mansonoides - Public health

Humans can be paratenic or second IH Acquired by drinking contaminated water or eating undercooked fish Cause sparganosis Neurological symptoms