Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Liz's Parasitology Course > Cestodes and Trematodes > Flashcards

Cestodes and Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

List general characteristics of the Cestodes

A
  • Flatworms (members of Platyhelminths)
  • Scolex (head) w/ suckers, some w/ hooklets (“armed”)
  • Proglottids (segments) can be diagnostic for some (most are hermaphroditic → eggs produced in each mature proglottid)
  • All requires 1 or more intermediate hosts
  • Eggs or glottids passed in stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List general characteristics of Trematodes

A
  • Adults are leaf-like and flat (Platyhelminths)
  • Human (or another animal) is definitive host for all
  • Two intermediate hosts for most (schistomsomes have one)
  • Eggs is diagnoistic stage
  • Flotation methods aren’t effective for detection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Of the cestodes and trematodes discussed in class, which ones are present in the U.S.?

A 
Cestodes:
- Hymenolepis nana
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Taenia sagniata, Taenia solium
- Echnicoccus granulosus
Trematodes
- Fasciola hepatica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnostic form of Hymenolepis nana

A

Eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Microscopic examination of Hymenolepis nana eggs

A

Thin-shelled in stool (30-45um) w/ hexacanth embryo, polar thickenings and filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnostic form of Hymenolepis dimunute

A

Eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microscopic examination of Hymenolepsis diminute eggs

A

Hexacanth embryo w/ no polar filaments (70-85um), larger and thicker shelled than Hymenolepis nana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnostic form of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Eggs or proglottids passed in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Microscopic examination of Diphyllobothrium latum

A
  • Eggs: Operculate, shoulders, aboperculate knob (65um)
  • Proglottids are more broad than long
  • Scolex has bothria (slits) instead of suckers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnostic form of Taenia saginata

A

Eggs or proglottids passed in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microscopic examination of Taenia saginata

A
  • Eggs (40um), striated shell, hexacanth embryo (can’t differentiate from T. solium)
  • Proglottids are longer than wide (15-30 uterine branches), scolex has no hook
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnostic form of Taenia solium

A

Eggs or proglottids found in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microscopic examination Taenia solium

A
  • Eggs cannot be differentiated from Taenia saginata
  • Proglottids are similar to Taenia saginata except they have 7-12 uterine branches
  • Scolex is armed (hooks”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ is caued by a bladder worm filled w/ scolex

A

Cysticercus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnostic form of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Aspirate fluid from cysts containing scolices and hooklets (“hydatid sand”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnostic form of Dipylidium caninum

A

Eggs and proglottids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Microscopic examinaiton of Dipylidium caninum

A
  • Egg packets containing numerous hexacanth embryos

- Proglottids resemble cucumer seeds or rice grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnostic form of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Microsocpic examination of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Eggs are very large (130um), operculate, can’t be differentiated from eggs of Fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diagnostic form of Fasciola hepatica

A

Eggs in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Microscopic examination of Fasciola hepatica

A

Eggs are very large (130um), operculate, can’t be differentiated from eggs of Fasciolopsis buski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diagnostic form of Clonorchis sinensis/Opisthorchis spp.

A

Eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Microscopic examination of Clonorchis sinensis/Opisthorchis spp

A

Eggs are very small (30um), operculate, flask shaped → found in stool/biopsies (“shoulders”, “abopercular knob”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnostic form of Paragonimus westermani

A

Eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Microscopic examination of Paragonimus westermani
Eggs are small (90um), operculate in sputum (or feces); often "shoulders", aboperculate thickening but no knob
26
Diagnostic form of Schistosoma
Eggs
27
Microscopic examination of Schistosoma japonicum
Eggs are 85um, rounded and have a lateral spin
28
Microscopic examination of Schistosoma mansoni
Eggs are 150um, elongated, long pointed lateral spine
29
Microscopic examination of Schistosoma hematobium
Eggs are 150um, elongated, pointed terminal spine
30
Common name for Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm
31
Common name for Hymenolepis dimunta
Rat tapeworm
32
Common name for Diphyllobothrium latum
Broad fish tapeworm
33
Common name for Taenia sagniata
Beef tapeworm
34
Common name for Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
35
Common name for Echinococcus granulosus
Canine tapeworm
36
Common name for Dipylidium caninum
Dog tapeworm
37
Common name for Fasciolopsis buski
Giant intestinal fluke
38
Common name for Fasciola hepatica
Large liver fluke, sheep liver fluk
39
Common name for Clonorchis sinensis/Opisthorcihis spp
Oriental or Chinese liver fluke
40
Common name for Paragonimums westermani
Oriental lung fluk
41
Common name for Schistosoma spp
Blood flukes
42
Major clinical manifestations corresponding w/ Hymenolepis nana?
Asymptomatic
43
Major clinical manifestation corresponding w/ Hymenolepis diminuta
Few symptoms unless heavy parasite burden
44
Major clinical manifestations corresponding w/ Diphyllobothrium latum
Megaloblastic anemia (competition for Vitamin B12)
45
Major clinical manifestations corresponding w/ Taenia saginata
Vague GI symptoms
46
Major clinical manifestations corresponding to larvae ingestion fo Taneia solium
Intestinal
47
Major clinical manifestations corresponding to larvae ingestion fo Taneia solium
Cysticercosis (larvae in fluid-filled bladder)
48
Major clinical manifestations corresponding to Echinococcus granulosus
Cysts in liver, lung, brain, CT scan/surgery
49
Major clinical manifestations of Fasciolopsis buski
GI obstruction w/ heavy infections, edema, malabsorption
50
Major clinical manifestations of Fasciola hepatica
In humans, larvae migrate from intestine to liver causing major destruction, fibrosis, partial obstruction of bile ducts
51
Major clinical manifestations of Clonorchis senensis/Opisthorchis spp
Pain, bild duct obstruction, jaundice (associated w/ liver/gall lbalddercancer)
52
Major clinical manifestations of Pragoniums westermani
Chronic cough, hemoptysis ("iron filings"), pulmonary fibrosis, resembles TB
53
Major clinical manifestations of Schistosoma spp
Local irritation t penetration site; major symptoms dependent on fluke's life cycle
54
Hymenolepis nana | - Intermediate host(s)
None or infected arthropods
55
Hymenolepis diminuta | - Intermediate host(s)
None
56
Diphyllobothrium latum | - Intermediate host(s)
Copepod and freshwater fish
57
Taenia saginata | - Intermediate host(s)
Cattle
58
Taenia solium | - Intermediate host(s)
Pigs
59
Echinococcus granulosus | - Intermediate host(s)
Sheep
60
Dipylidium caninum | - Intermediate host(s)
Canines
61
Fasciolopsis buski - First intermediate host - Secondary intermediate host
- First: snail | - Second: water plants (water chestnuts, bamboo shoots)
62
Fasciola hepatica - First intermediate host - Second intermediate host
- First: snail | - Second: water plants (watercress)
63
Clonorchis sinensis/Opisthorchis spp - First intermediate host - Second intermediate host
- First: snails | - Second: freshwater fish (raw, smoked, pickled, or dried)
64
Paragonimus westermani - First intermediate host - Second intermediate host
- First: snails | - Second: crabs or crayfish
65
Schistosoma spp | - First intermediate host
Snails
66
Which method, flotation or sedimentation, is better for isolating cestodes and/or trematodes?
Most trematodes and cestodes have "caps". If you remove the "cap", they sink. Therefore sedimentation method is best
67
Fasciolopsis busk | - Infective site
Intestines
68
Fasciola hepatica | - Infective site
Liver
69
Clonorchis sinensis/Opisthorchis spp | - Infective site
Liver
70
Paragoniumus westermani | - Infective site
Lungs
71
Schistosoma spp | - Infective site
Blood
72
Most common Cestode found in the U.S.
Hymenolepis nana
73
Disease typically caused by Dipylidium caninum
Heartworm in dogs
74
Human patient population mostly affected by Dipylidium caninum
Children from accidental ingestion
75
Appearance of Dipylidium caninum
Egg packets → hexacanth embryo; proglottids resemble cucumber seeds or rice grains
76
All Schistosoma larvae undergo part of their life cycle in a snail. How are humans infected?
Larvae are released from the snails and the larvae penetrate through the skin

Liz's Parasitology Course (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions