Ch 1-10 Review Flashcards
(480 cards)
1
Q
Final:
If the patient is admitted to the ER for serve chest and the doctor orders a supine chest, what can the technologist do to decrease magnification?
A
increase the SID
2
Q
Final:
What is Ascites?
A
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (fluid in abdomen)
3
Q
Final:
What is the Kvp range for abdomen?
A
70-80 kvp
4
Q
Final:
If we are looking for air in the intraabdominal area we are doing this erect to see if the air passes through the:
A
diaphragm
5
Q
Final:
Where is xiphoid tip located?
A
T9-T10
6
Q
Final:
Where is the greater trochanter located?
A
at the same level as the pubis symphysis
7
Q
Final:
Where is the pubis symphysis located at?
A
same level as the greater trochanter
8
Q
Final:
Where are the SI joints located at?
A
9
Q
Final:
Where is the lower costal margin located at?
A
L2-L3
10
Q
Final:
Where is the xiphoid tip located at?
A
T9-T10
11
Q
Final:
Where is the mid thorax located at?
A
T7 *
12
Q
Final:
Where is the iliac crest located at?
A
L4-L5
13
Q
Final:
Where is the sternal angle located at?
A
T4-T5
14
Q
Final:
Where is the jugular notch located at?
A
T2-T3
15
Q
Final:
Where is the thyroid cartilage located at?
A
16
Q
Final:
Where is the ASIS located at?
A
S1-S2
17
Q
Final:
What views best display fluid/air levels?
A
decubitus & erect
18
Q
Final:
What is the parietal peritoneal?
A
outer portion of the peritoneal cavity
(covers the abdominal cavity)
19
Q
Final:
What is the visceral peritoneal?
A
inner portion of the peritoneal cavity
(covers the organ)
20
Q
Final:
What makes up 3/5 of the small bowel?
A
ileum (with an E)
(last “distal” 3/5 of small bowel)
21
Q
Final:
What makes up 2/5 of the small bowel?
A
jejunum
(first 2/5 of the small bowel)
22
Q
Final:
What is in the LUQ?
A
spleen
stomach
left colic (splenic) flexure
tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
23
Q
Final:
What is in the RUQ?
A
liver
gallbladder
right colic flexure
duodenum (c-loop)
head of pancreas
right kidney
right suprarenal gland
24
Q
Final:
What is in the LLQ?
A
descending colon
sigmoid colon
2/3 of jejunum
25
Final:
What is in the RLQ?
ascending colon
appendix
cecum
2/3 of ileum
ileocecal valve
26
Final:
What are the nine abdominal regions?
1. right hypogastric
2. epigastric
3. left hypogastric
4. right lateral (lumbar)
5. umbilical
6. left lateral (lumbar)
7. right inguinal (iliac)
8. pubic
9. left inguinal (iliac)
27
Final:
What is peristalsis?
involuntary muscles that help move food through the intestines *
28
Final:
What is the difference between duodenal valve & the duodenal bulb?
duodenal bulb is the proximal portion of duodenum *
29
Final:
What is CR for erect abdomen?
2 inches above iliac crest
30
Final:
What is the CR for decubitus abdomen?
2 " above iliac crest
(let position sit roughly 5 mins, so fluids move)
31
Final:
What is CR for supine abdomen?
at iliac crest
32
Final:
What is the normal order for abdomen series?
PA chest, erect abdomen, supine abdomen *
33
Final:
If we want to minimize motion we would:
shorten the exposure time
34
Final:
Long scale is:
We use long scale on?
low contrast (more greys)
abdomen x-rays
35
Final:
Short scale is:
What would we use short scale on?
high contrast (black& white's)
extremities
36
Final:
How much do we oblique for a mortise ankle?
why do we do this?
15-20
to create some space in the ankle joint, and even out the malleoli
37
Final:
How much do we oblique for a normal ankle projection?
why do we do this?
45 internal (medial) oblique
38
Final:
What are the tarsal bones?
Talus
Calcaneus
navicular (distal to talus)
Cuboid (distal to calcaneus)
medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform *
39
Final:
What is medial to the cuboid bone?
navicular
lateral cuneiform
40
Final:
What is proximal to the navicular?
talus
41
Final:
What is superior to the calcaneus?
Talus
42
Final:
What view shows the medial cuneiform free of superimposition?
30-40 degree medial oblique of foot *
43
Final:
What view shows the sinus tarsi?
30-40 degree medial oblique of foot *
44
Final:
Where is the plantar surface of the foot?
posterior part of the foot (sole)
"stepped on a plant"
45
Final:
Where is the dorsum surface of the foot?
anterior portion of the foot
46
Final:
What is dorsiflexion?
foot flexed upwards (anteriorly)
47
Final:
What is plantarflexion?
foot flexed downward (posteriorly)
48
Final:
What is a mediolateral projection?
49
Final:
what is lateromedial projection?
50
Final:
What are the views for calcaneus?
Lateral & Axial (40 cephalic towards the midline of the foot) *
51
Final:
if there is suspected pneumothorax in the right lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
left lateral decubitus
(air side up)
(mark side up)
52
Final:
if there is suspected hemothorax in the right lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
right lateral decubitus
(fluid side down)
mark side up
53
Final:
if there is suspected pneumothorax in the left lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
right lateral decubitus
(air side up)
Mark side up
54
Final:
if there is suspected hemothorax in the left lung what position/view would the patient be place in?
left lateral decubitus
(fluid side down)
mark side up
55
Final:
What is the hypostenic?
not wide lungs, but long in vertical dimensions but narrow
(35% of population)
56
Final:
What is sthenic?
average build
(50% of population)
57
Final:
What is hyperstenic?
wide lungs, shallow in vertical dimensions
(5% of population)
58
Final:
The CR must always be in the center of the ____ _____
image receptor
59
Final:
For chest x-rays we expose on the ______ _______
second inspiration
60
Final:
What is the mediastinum?
middle portion of the thoracic cavity
thymus gland
heart and great vessels
trachea
esophagus
61
Final:
What is the hilum?
62
Final:
Where does the trachea bifurcate?
carina *
63
Final:
What does the trachea bifurcate into?
left & right bronchi *
64
Final:
What view shows the possible calcification underneath the clavicles?
lordotic *
65
Final:
What is the name for shortness of breath?
dyspnea *
66
Final:
What is the CR for chest?
PA?
AP?
T7
PA: 7-8 inches from vertebral prominens
AP: 3-4 inches below jugular notch
67
Final:
What can be found in the mediastinum?
thymus gland
heart and great blood vessels
trachea
esophagus
68
Final:
What is density and contrast controlled by?
contrast is controlled by kV
density is controlled by mAs
69
Final:
What does the femur articulate with proximally & distally?
proximally: Acetabulum *
distally:
70
Final:
Where is the abductor tubercle located at?
posterior femur above the medial epicondyles
71
Final:
When do you see the olecranon process?
Lateral
72
Final:
What is the positioning for Coyle for the radial head?
90-degree flexion of arm
45-degree angle toward the head
arm in lateral karate chop *
73
Final:
What is the positioning for Coyle view for the coronoid process?
80-degree flexion of arm
45 degrees away from the head
elbow in lateral w/ karate chop *
74
Final:
What views replace the internal and external obliques?
coyle view *
75
Final:
What are the forearm views?
AP & Lat *
76
Final:
What are the carpal bones?
Scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate *
77
Final:
Sims position:
"simp position" *
78
Final:
Fowlers position:
head above the feet
recumbent
(howlers position) *
79
Final:
Trendelenburg position:
feet above the head
recumbent *
80
Final:
LAO position:
left anterior oblique
(PA projection)
81
Final:
RAO position:
right anterior oblique
(PA projection)
82
Final:
LPO position:
left posterior oblique
(AP projection)
83
Final:
RPO position:
right posterior oblique
(AP projection)
84
Final:
Inversion:
AKA?
Inward turning/bending of the ankle
aka Varus *
85
Final:
Eversion:
AKA?
outward turning/bending of ankle
aka valgus *
86
Final:
what is Osgood Slatter?
inflammation of bone/cartilage of anterior proximal tibia (tibial tuberosity)
most common in boys 10-15
87
Final:
What is gout?
form of arthritis
excessive quantities of blood in the joint
most common in the first MTP joint
88
Final:
What is Pott's fx?
89
Final:
What is mobile radiography?
portable x-rays *
90
Final:
What are the portions of the acetabulum?
inferior: pubis *
Superior: ilium *
Posterior: ischium *
91
Final:
When do we do the Judet views?
92
Final:
What does the ___ Judet view show?
93
Final:
What does the Judet view show?
94
Final:
What is the sagittal plane?
95
Final:
What is the midsagittal plane?
96
Final:
What is the coronal plane?
What is the mid-coronal plane?
97
Final:
What is the transverse plane?
98
Final:
What is the axiolateral inferosuperior projection?
What is another name for this?
cross table hip
Danielus-Miller
99
Final:
What does merchant knee view show?
100
Final:
What does settegast view show?
101
Final:
What does the hombland view show?
102
Final:
What does Coventry view show?
103
Final:
What view do we use for carpal tunnel?
What do we see?
Gaynor hart view *
Hook of the hamate *
104
Final:
What are the wrist views?
PA
oblique
lateral
Scaphoid (15 degrees cephalic "into shoulder" + ulnar deviation)
105
Final:
What view/rotation shows the scaphoid free of superimposition?
ulnar deviation
106
Final:
What is the DIP joint in the hand?
distal interphalangeal joints
hinge or ginglymus *
107
Final:
What are the PIP joints in the hand?
proximal interphalangeal joints
hinge or ginglymus *
108
Final:
What are the views for hand?
PA
Oblique
Fan lateral *
108
Final review:
How many degrees are the medial and lateral condyles of the femur are separated from each other?
Which condyle extends more distally?
5-7 degrees
medial extends more distally than lateral
(why we angle for knees)
108
Final review:
What does the femur articulate with distally?
proximally?
Tibia & patella
Acetabulum
109
Final:
Why do the IP joints have to be parallel to the image receptor?
we want to see the joint spaces
109
Final review:
What is osteoporosis?
How does it appear on an x-ray?
What demographic is it most common in?
reduction in bone
more radiolucent (whiter)
common in geriatric patients
110
Final:
What view shows the lateral displacement?
AP projection
110
Final review:
What is the CR for inlet?
What is the CR for outlet?
40 degrees caudad & CR ASIS
20-35 cephalic (men) 30-45 degrees cephalic (women) & CR 1-2 inches inferior to pubis symphysis
110
Final review:
The outlet refers to the ______ portion of the true pelvis
The inlet refers to the ______ portion of the true pelvis
inferior (inferior aperture)
superior (superior aperture)
111
Final:
What is the view that shows an anterior/posterior displacement?
Lateral projection
111
Final review:
What are other names for cross table?
axiolateral-inferosuperior
Danelius-miller projection
111
Final review:
For Nakayama why is the angle 15-20 degrees horizontally?
Patient is unable to rotate 15-20 degrees internally due to trauma
112
Final:
What is the name of the AP thumb position?
Roberts view
112
Final review:
The right posterior oblique of the right acetabulum would be:
The left posterior oblique (LPO) of the left acetabulum would be:
This show?
downside Judet
D: anterior rim of the acetabulum & posterior ilioschial column
112
Final review:
The left posterior oblique (LPO) of the right acetabulum would be:
The right posterior oblique (RPO) of the left acetabulum would be:
This shows?
Upside Judet (for both)
U: posterior rim of the acetabulum & anterior iliopubic column
113
Final:
What is spondylosis?
fx in the Pars interarticularis *
113
Final review:
What is Lordosis?
What is Scoliosis?
What is Kyphosis?
what is concave?
what is convex?
increased concavity (lumbar)
exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine
increased (exaggerated) convexity
rounded inward
rounded outward
113
Final review:
Cervical is what type of curve?
Thoracic is what type of curve?
lumbar is what type of curve?
sacrum (sacral) is what type of curve?
first compensatory curve (concave)
first primary curve (convex)
second compensatory curve (concave)
second primary curve (convex)
113
Final review:
114
Final:
What is spondythesis?
114
Final review:
114
Final review:
115
Final:
What is the CR for AP lumbar?
iliac crest *
115
Final review:
115
Final review:
116
Final:
What is the ear of the scottie dog?
superior articular process *
116
Final review:
116
Final review:
116
Final review:
117
Final:
What is the nose of the scottie dog?
transverse process *
117
Final review:
118
Final:
What is the eye of the scottie dog?
Pedicle *
118
Final review:
119
Final:
What is the feet of the scottie dog?
inferior articular process *
119
Final review:
120
Final:
What is the neck of the scottie dog?
Pars interarticularis *
120
Final review:
121
Final:
What is the body of the scottie dog?
Laminae *
121
Final review:
121
Final review:
122
Final:
When performing obliques if the pedicle appears to be too anterior what is the cause?
How do we fix it?
under rotated (too AP/anterior)
oblique the patient more
122
Final:
What is the tail of the scottie dog?
Spinous process *
122
Final:
What does the cervical oblique show?
How much oblique?
foramen *
122
Final:
When performing obliques if the pedicle appears to be too posterior what is the cause?
How do we fix it?
over rotated (too lateral)
oblique less
122
Final:
What does thoracic oblique show?
How much oblique?
Zygapophyseal joints
70-75 oblique *
122
Final:
What does lateral cervical show?
zygapophyseal joint
122
Final:
what does lateral thoracic show?
foramen *
122
Final:
What is the CR & angle for oblique SI joints?
122
Final:
what does lumbar oblique show?
How much oblique?
zygapophyseal joint
45 degree oblique *
122
Final:
What does lateral lumbar show?
Foramen *
122
Final:
What is CR & angle for AP SI joints?
What is best shown?
122
Final:
What rotation best shows the greater trochanter in profile?
122
Final:
What part of the rib attaches to the vertebrae?
head of the rib
122
Final:
what part of the rib attaches to the transverse process?
tubercle of the rib
122
Final:
What view best shows the lesser trochanters in profile?
122
Final:
When are the views for the SC joints?
PA + LAO/RAO oblique
122
Final:
When in a RAO position, what SC joint is best displayed?
right SC joint (downside)
122
Final:
Posterior rib pain is what projection?
What side is in interest?
AP
Downside (side that’s down)
122
Final:
When in LAO position, what SC joint is best displayed?
left SC joint (downside)
122
Final review:
122
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122
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122
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122
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122
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122
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122
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122
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123
Final:
Anterior rib pain is what projection?
What side is in interest?
PA
Upside
123
Final review:
123
Final review:
124
Final:
Patient walks in the ER with anterior left upper rib pain what oblique would we use?
What is the projection?
RAO
PA projection
124
Final review:
124
Final review:
124
Final review:
125
Final:
Patient walks in the ER with right anterior rib pain what oblique would we use?
What is the projection?
What is the side of interest?
LAO
PA
Upside ribs
125
Final review:
126
Final:
Patient walks in the ER with left lower posterior rib pain, what oblique best shows this?
What is the projection?
LPO
AP projection
126
Final review:
126
Final review:
127
Final:
Patient walks in the ER with right lower posterior rib pain, what oblique best shows this?
What is the projection?
RPO
AP projection
127
128
Final:
RAO best shows what rib axillary?
left axillary
128
129
Final:
LPO shows what rib axillary?
left axillary
129
130
Final:
RPO best shows what rib axillary?
right axillary
130
130
130
131
Final:
LAO best shows what rib axillary?
right axillary
131
131
132
Final:
If patient is in a RPO position, what rib pain are they experiencing?
right posterior pain
(AP = side down)
132
132
133
Final:
If patient is in a LPO position what rib pain are they experiencing?
Left posterior pain
(AP = side down)
133
134
Final:
If patient is in a LAO position, what rib pain are they experiencing?
right anterior pain
(PA = Away)
134
134
135
Final:
If patient is in a RAO position, what rib pain are they experiencing?
left anterior pain
(PA = Away)
135
135
136
Final:
What makes up the zygapophyseal joint?
inferior and superior articular processes
136
136
137
Final:
Where is the laminae located?
137
138
Final:
where is the pedicle located?
138
138
139
Final:
When do you see the lesser tubercle?
139
139
139
140
Final:
When do you see the greater tubercle?
140
140
140
140
141
Final:
When do you see the first two cervical vertebrae in an AP projection?
AP open mouth *
141
142
Final:
What view shows the zygapophyseal joints 2-7?
lateral c spine
142
143
Final:
Where is the foramen magnum?
143
144
Final:
When do you use the fuch's method for cervical?
144
144
145
Final:
What does the superior articular facets of the atlas articulate with?
145
145
145
146
Final:
(t/f)
we use sandbag for a lateral cervical spine to bring the shoulders down.
When would we not use them?
true
in cases of trauma
146
147
Final:
What line do we use to line up the incisors to the right level? (23:08)
147
148
Final:
What is parallel to the image receptor in the Danielus-Miller?
femoral neck *
148
148
148
148
148
149
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an RPO?
left foramen
149
149
150
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an RAO?
left foramen
150
151
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an LAO?
right foramen
151
151
152
Final:
AP oblique of the cervical spine what foramen is best shown in an LPO?
right foramen
152
152
153
Final:
What are the views for the sternum?
What is the obliquity?
PA + RAO
15-20 AO
153
153
153
154
Final:
What is the oblique for SC joints?
10-15 AO
154
154
155
Final:
What is a modified cleaves?
155
156
Final:
If we want to rule out subluxation fx of the cervical spine what view is this best displayed in?
lateral c-spine
156
156
156
157
Final:
What is the Cr for transthoracic?
surgical neck *
157
157
158
Final:
What is the positions for humerus?
What are the rotations?
AP (external rotation)
Lat (interior rotation)
158
158
159
Final:
What are the views for the shoulder?
Internal (internal rotation)
Grashey (external rotation)
Y-view ()
Axillary (inferosuperior) *
159
160
Final:
If you are in an external rotation how are the elbow epicondyles to the IR?
parallel to the IR
160
161
Final:
If you and in an internal position how are your elbow epicondyles to the image receptor?
perpendicular to the IR
161
162
Final:
What is the CR for grashey?
162
162
163
Final:
What is the CR for internal shoulder?
163
163
164
Final:
What is the CR for Y view?
164
164
165
Final:
What is the CR for axillary? (inferosuperior)
165
165
166
Final:
What is the difference between the medial & lateral epicondyle of the femur? (degree difference)
166
167
Final:
What is a palpable landmark for pelvis?
167
167
168
Final:
What view best displays a pelvic ring fx for a true pelvis?
168
169
Final:
What view would be best shown for a rami fx?
169
169
170
Final:
What is best displayed in a oblique foot?
sinus tarsi *
170
171
Final:
171
172
Final:
172
172
173
Final:
173
173
174
Final:
174
174
174
174
175
Final:
175
175
176
Final review:
Proximal Carpal bones
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
176
176
177
Final review:
distal proximal bones
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
177
178
Final review:
what does radius articulate with distally?
scaphoid and lunate carpal bones
178
179
Final review:
The capitulum is part of what bone?
distal humerus
179
180
Final review:
What view causes ulna & radius cross over?
internal elbow
(also PA forearm)
180
181
Final review:
Lateral fracture best displayed in?
AP
181
182
Final review:
What view shows the radius and ulna in slight superimposition?
AP
Either elbow or forearm
182
182
182
182
183
Final review:
What is the first CMC joint?
Sellar (saddle) joint
183
184
Final review:
What demonstrates the scaphoid best?
Scaphoid view
15 degrees into the elbow + ulna deviation
184
185
Final review:
What view shows arthritis in the hand?
Ball catcher
185
186
Final review:
What view best displays the hook of the hamate (hamulus)?
Gaynor hart (best for carpal tunnel)
25 to 30 degrees 1 inch distal to 3rd MCP
186
187
Final review:
What is smiths fx?
187
188
Final review:
What is a colles fx?
188
Final review:
How many phalanx on thumb?
How many phalanx on the digits 2-5?
thumb: 2 distal and proximal
2-5: 3 distal, middle, proximal
188
Final review:
Where is the olecranon process located at?
What is it best shown in?
posterior (+ inferior) ulna
lateral elbow
188
Final review:
Elbow is in a lateral position, the process of the ulna that inserts into the fossa that is on the distal anterior aspect of the humerus is?
Coronoid process
188
Final review:
Elbow is in a lateral position, the process of the ulna that inserts into the fossa that is on the distal posterior aspect of the humerus is?
olecranon process
188
Final review:
How many IP joints per each finger?
Thumb: 1
2-5: 2
188
Final review:
Where is the coronoid process located?
What is best shown in?
anterior (+ inferior) ulna
internal
188
Final review:
How are epicondyles for each one of these elbow projections?
AP, EXT, INT, LAT
AP: parallel
INT + EXT: Oblique
Lat: Perpendicular
188
188
188
188
188
188
188
188
189
Final review:
What does ICER stand for?
I + C = internal + coronoid
E + R = external + radial head
189
190
Final review:
What replaces AP elbow?
2 views/projections
Forearm parallel + humerus parallel
190
191
Final review:
What view do you see fat pads on?
what are the 3 fat pads?
lateral
anterior, posterior, and supinator fat stripe
191
191
192
Final review:
Internal elbow oblique shows:
how are the ulna and radius?
Coronoid process + trochlea
(radius & ulna superimposed)
192
193
Final review:
External elbow oblique shows:
how are the ulna and radius?
radial head + capitulum
(radius + ulna free of superimposition)
193
193
194
Final review:
Where is the olecranon fossa located?
194
195
Final review:
where is the coronoid fossa located?
distal anterior humerus ?
195
195
195
196
Final review:
Where is the radial notch located?
ulna
(proximal)
196
196
197
Final review:
Where is the ulna notch located?
radius
(distal)
197
198
Final review:
Coyle for radial head positioning:
45 degree Towards the head (shoulder)
90 degree flex of arm
198
199
Final review:
Coyle for Coronoid process:
45 degree away from the head (shoulder)
80 degree flexion of arm
199
200
Final review:
Wrist fx causing radius to displace posteriorly:
Colles fracture *
200
200
201
Final review:
Wrist fx causing radius to displace anteriorly:
Smiths fx *
201
202
Final review:
AP forearm projection, radius and ulna proximal crossover is prevented by doing:
supination of the hand
202
202
203
Final review:
How many fossa’s on the scapula?
What are the names?
4
Supraspinous fossa: (superior & posterior
Infraspinous fossa: (inferior & posterior)
Subscapular fossa: (anterior (ventral)
Glenoid fossa: (lateral, anterior)
203
204
Final review:
Where is the SC joint?
Medial or lateral extremity?
What does SC joint articulate with?
between the sternum & clavicle
medial extremity
Manubrium
204
204
205
Final review:
Where is the AC joint?
M or L extremity?
between the acromion & clavicle
lateral extremity
205
205
206
Final review:
What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
What are the angles?
Superior, vertebral (medial), & axillary (lateral) border
superior & inferior angle
206
206
207
Final review:
Y view of the scapula shows what?
Where at?
lateral view of scapula
coracoid process (right)
Acromion (left)
inferior angle
spine of scapula
body of scapula
207
207
208
Final review:
What does external shoulder show?
how are the epicondyles?
how is the hand?
greater tubercle
parallel
supinated
209
Final review:
What does internal shoulder show?
how are the epicondyles?
how is the hand?
lesser tubercle
perpendicular to the IR
pronated
210
Final review:
How do we get the humerus in lateral view?
& AP?
Lat: internal
AP: external
211
Final review:
What is the oblique for grashey?
What is the oblique + angle for Y view (Neer)?
G: 45 degree oblique (PO)
Y: 45-60 degrees (AO) + 10-15 caudad
212
Final review:
What's the CR for transthoracic (humerus trauma view)?
surgical neck
213
Final review:
How many views for clavicle?
What is the angle?
2 views, AP + Axial
AP: mid- clavicle
Axial: 15-30 cephalic (25-30 asthenic / 15-20 hypersthenic)
214
Final review:
When do we perform the neutral rotation of the humerus?
trauma cases
215
Final review:
The scapular notch is located on what part of the scapula?
When performing the west point projection (inferosuperior axillary) this is free of superimposition? Other axillary direction?
Where do the medial and lateral borders of the scapula meet?
superior border
coracoid process (acromion?)
inferior angle
216
Final review:
What is the flattened triangular part on the scapula?
Acromion
217
Final review:
What is adduction?
What is abduction?
ADD: moving towards midline of the body
ABD: moving away from the midline of the body
218
Final review:
What is the fossa on the distal anterior portion of the humerus?
What is the fossa of the distal posterior portion of the humerus?
anterior: Coronoid fossa
posterior: Olecranon fossa
219
Final review:
What does GELI stand for?
G + E = greater + external rotation
L + I = lesser + internal rotation
220
Final review:
what consists in the shoulder girdle?
how is the scapula in the supraspinatus view (Neer/Y) to the IR?
(t/f) we use a breathing technique for transthoracic lateral projection
Clavicle + scapula (not humerus)
lateral
True (full inspiration)
221
Final review:
Where is the glenoid fossa located?
Where is the radial fossa located?
between scapula and humerus
distal anterior humerus (superior to capitulum)
222
Final review:
Which ankle Malleoli is superior?
Medial Malleoli
223
Final review:
224
Final review:
Which tarsal bone makes up the mortise?
Talus
225
Final review:
226
Final review:
Which rotation has the intermalleolar line parallel to the IR?
AP Mortise ankle
15-20 degree internal/medial rotation
227
Final review:
What is the difference between a mortise and an oblique ankle?
Mortise is rotated 15-20 degrees medially
Oblique ankle is rotated 45 degrees
228
Final review:
If we are looking for a foreign body do we angle the central ray?
Why?
No, an angle can distort the object and elongate it
229
Final review:
How many views for the calcaneus?
What are the names?
2 views
Plantodorsal Axial Calcaneus
Lateral Calcaneus
230
Final review:
The most posterior part of the calcaneus would be?
A. Sinus Tarsi
B. Tuberosity
C. Trochlear
D. Peritoneal
B. Tuberosity
231
Final review:
Medial oblique foot would show:
The lateral oblique foot best shows?
M: sinus tarsi free of superimposition
(cuboid free of superimposition)
L: The base of the first metatarsal
232
Final review:
Wha is Osgood Slatter?
inflammation of bone/cartilage of anterior proximal tibia (tibial tuberosity)
most common in boys 10-15
233
Final review:
Lateral foot the plantar surface is ____ to the IR?
How about standing?
Perpendicular supine
Parallel for standing
234
Final review:
The superior calcaneus articulation with the Talus forms:
subtalar joint
235
Final review:
When would you best see a medial displacement fracture?
(bone protruding towards medial side)
If there's a posterior displacement, what view would best display that?
AP view
Lateral
236
Final review:
Which views do we use for patella?
Inferosuperior
Hughston
Settegast
Merchant
(Mayo uses Merchant)
237
Final review:
The placement of the top border of the IR should extend at least ___ inches from the knee joint to avoid being projected off due to beam divergence:
A. 4 - 4 1/2 inches
B. 3 - 3 1/2 inches
C. 2 - 2 1/2 inches
D. 1 - 1 1/2 inches
D.
1 - 1 1/2 inches
238
Final review:
Which of the following tangential axial projections of the patella is the complete relaxation of the quadricep require for an accurate diagnosis?
1. Supine flexion 45 degrees (merchant)
2. Prone flexion 90 degrees (Settegast)
3. Prone flexion 55 degrees (hughston)
1. Supine flexion 45 degrees
(supine keyword, relaxes the Quads)
239
Final review:
What views do we use for intercondylar fossa?
Rosenburg
(PA flexion- for tunnel view)
240
Final review:
If we are looking to see arthritic changes (arthritis) in the knee we want to see it:
1. recumbent
2. Erect
3. Merchant
which projections are performed with the tube face is angled and parallel to the flexed tibia?
A. Hughston
B. Merchant
C. Axial intercondylar fossa (BeClere)
D. Settegast
AP erect
(we want weight bearing)
C. BeClere
241
Final review:
What is considered a shock absorber between the femoral condyle and the tibial articular cassette?
Meniscus
242
Final review:
What knee oblique shows the proximal tibiofibular joint?
Internal/ medial oblique
(shows the head/neck of fibula free of superimposition)
243
Final review:
What is proximal to the tibial plateau?
A. The tibia condyles
B. The tibial tuberosity
C. intercondylar fossa
C. Intercondylar fossa
244
Final review:
In a lateral projection of a normal knee:
1. The fibular head should be somewhat superimposed on the tibia
2. The patellofemoral joint should be visualized
3. The femoral condyles should be superimposed
1, 2 & 3
245
Final review:
What is another name for PA Axial view?
What does it best show?
Rosenberg
Intercondylar fossa
246
Final review:
The Osgood Schlatter disease is limited to this location?
This is the name o the fossa on the distal posterior femur?
What is the largest Tarsal?
What is the smallest?
Sustentaculum tali is found on the:
Tibial tuberosity
Intercondylar fossa
Largest: Calcaneus
Smallest: intermediate cuneiform
Calcaneus
247
Final review:
Another name for big toe?
The CR should be this to the IR when the patient is 21 cm from ASIS to tabletop for knee projection?
Hallux
no angle or 0 degrees
or Perpendicular
248
Final review:
What are the 3 alternative tunnel view projections for knees?
What are the 3 sunrise views?
Tunnel:
Camp Coventry
Holmblad
Beclere method
Sunrise:
Inferosuperior
Hughston
Settegast
(Mayo’s way is (superioinferior)
249
Final review:
what should be parallel to the image receptor when performing an inferosuperior axial hip? (cross table)
A. Knee joint
B. Central Ray
C. Tube Face
D. Femoral epicondyles
C. Tube Face
250
Final review:
What are palpable landmarks on a pelvis?
1. Greater Trochanter
2. Pubis symphysis
3. Femoral Neck
4. Iliac Crest
1,2,4
Femoral neck is not one of them
251
Final review:
what is the superior portion of the hip?
What is the posterior portion of the hip?
What is the anterior portion of the hip?
Superior: Ilium
Posterior: Ischium (itchy bum)
Anterior: Pubis
252
Final review:
(t/f)
In an AP axial projection (frog) the femoral neck is parallel to the image receptor
How many degrees?
Vertically or horizontally?
True
30-40 degrees
Vertically
(Book says 40-45)
253
Final review:
Is the Acetabulum in the Ilium, pubis, or ischium?
all three
The joint is separated into anterior, posterior, and superior portions.
254
Final review:
How much do you oblique for Judet views?
What do you see on the upside of the Judet views?
What do you see on the downside Judet view?
45 degrees
LPO/ RPO
U: posterior rim of the acetabulum & anterior iliopubic column
D: anterior rim of the acetabulum & posterior ilioschial column
255
Final review:
What is the main difference between a female pelvis and a male pelvis?
Male <90 shaped like a heart (acute)
Female >90 (obtuse)
256
Final review:
what part of the innominate bone (Hip bone) makes up the obturator foramen (hole)?
Ischium & pubis
(posterior + anterior meet)
257
Final review:
What view/rotation best shows the lesser trochanters in profile?
What view/rotation best shows the greater trochanter in profile?
lesser: external oblique
greater: internal oblique
258
Final review:
Where is the adductor tubercle located?
distal medial femur
(Near medial epicondyle)
