ch 1

Question 1

what is psychology

Answer 1

the study of the mind and human behaviour

Question 2

levels of psychological analysis

Answer 2

-the brain
-the person
-the group

Question 3

Wiliam Wundt

Answer 3

-father of experimental psychology
-study of consciousness (voluntarism)
-opened first lab in leipzig

Question 4

Edward Titchener

Answer 4

-structuralism: tried to break down the components of consciousness

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

-components that make up consciousness
-introspection
-describe mental processes rather than predict or control

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

careful, reflective, systematic, observation of details of the mental process

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

-functionalism
-first psych textbook and lab in the US

Question 8

functionalism is

Answer 8

the flow of consciousness

Question 9

functionalist scientists used

Answer 9

empirical methods that focused on causes and consequences of behaviour
-studied, animals, children, and those w mental disorders

Question 10

Gestalt psychologists

Answer 10

-consciousness can’t be broken down
-perceive things as “whole”; stories, patterns

Question 11

Psychoanalysis

Answer 11

the psychology of the unconscious. aimed to resolve unconscious conflicts

Question 12

who developed psychoanalysis

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud

Question 13

Behaviouralism

Answer 13

the study of observable behaviour

Question 14

Behaviouralism researchers:

Answer 14

Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
John. B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura

Question 15

Edward Thorndike

Answer 15

proposed that studying animals could help explain human behaviour

Question 16

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 16

“classical conditioning”
-dogs salivating at the ringing of a bell due to previous association with food

Question 17

John. B Watson

Answer 17

-people can be classically conditioned
-little Albert experiment

Question 18

B.F. Skinner

Answer 18

-skinner box
-positive and negative reinforcement to control behaviour

Question 19

Albert Bandura

Answer 19

-compared social behaviour about learning in children to primates
-we copy what others do to learn

Question 20

Carl Rogers

Answer 20

developed client centered therapy

Question 21

client centered therapy

Answer 21

environment of unconditional love and support

Question 22

positive psychology

Answer 22

studies human strengths, fulfillment, and creativity

Question 23

Ulric Neisser coined the term

Answer 23

cognitive psychology

Question 24

cognitive psychology

Answer 24

the study of information processing. compared the mind to a computer. language, problem solving etc.

Question 25

Psychobiology/neuroscience (who came up with concept of cell assembly)

Answer 25

donald hebb

Question 26

humanistic psychology

Answer 26

focused on unique features of human functioning.

Question 27

Abraham Maslow

Answer 27

prioritized our numerous needs and believed that we must satisfy basic physiological and safety needs first. Only then can we progress up the hierarchy to satisfy other needs and achieve self-actualization.

Question 28

cultural psychology

Answer 28

the study of how cultural practices shape psychological and behavioural tendencies and influence human behaviour.

Question 29

cross-cultural psychology

Answer 29

the study of what is generally or universally true about human beings regardless of culture.

Question 30

behavioural genetics

Answer 30

a subfield of psychology looking at the influence of genes on human behaviour.

Question 31

sociobiologists

Answer 31

theorists who believe humans have a genetically innate concept of how social behaviour should be organized.

Question 32

evolutionary psychology

Answer 32

a field of study believing that the body and brain are products of evolution and that genetic inheritance plays an important role in shaping the complete range of thoughts and behaviours.

Question 33

collectivist

Answer 33

a culture whose members focus more on the needs of the group and less on individual desires.

Question 34

individualistic

Answer 34

a culture that places the wants or desires of the person over the needs of the group

Question 35

goals of psychology

Answer 35

The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes.