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ch. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of internal and external body parts and their physical relationships

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of how living things perform their functions

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3
Q

relationship between anatomy and physiology

A

anatomical structures support their physiological functions

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4
Q

human anatomy

A

the study of the human body

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5
Q

gross anatomy

A

examines large structures visible with the naked eye

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6
Q

surface anatomy

A

anatomy of body surface

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7
Q

regional anatomy

A

anatomy of specific body areas

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8
Q

sectional anatomy

A

relationship of body structures by examining cross-sections

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9
Q

systemic anatomy

A

anatomy of organ systems

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10
Q

clinical anatomy

A

anatomy used in clinical practice

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11
Q

pathological anatomy

A

anatomical changes during illness

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12
Q

radiologic anatomy

A

anatomical structures seen using
imaging techniques

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13
Q

surgical anatomy

A

anatomical landmarks important in
surgery

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14
Q

developmental anatomy

A

anatomical changes from fertilization to adulthood

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15
Q

micro anatomy

A

examines structures that can only be seen using magnification

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16
Q

cytology

A

study of the structure of cells

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17
Q

histology

A

study of the structure of tissues

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18
Q

human physiology

A

the study of the function of the human body

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19
Q

cell physiology

A

study of the function of cells and their chemical processes

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20
Q

organ physiology

A

study of the function of specific organs

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21
Q

systemic physiology

A

study of function of organ systems

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22
Q

pathological physiology

A

study of effects of diseases on organs or systems

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23
Q

level of organization (6) from least to most complex

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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24
Q

name the organ system:
- skin
- hair
- sweat glands
- nails

A

integumentary

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25
name the organ system: - bones - cartilages - ligaments - bone marrow
skeletal
26
name the organ system: - skeletal muscles and tendons
muscular
27
name the organ system: - brain - spinal cord - nerves
nervous
28
name the organ system: - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - pancreas - adrenal gland - gonads
endocrine
29
name the organ system: - heart - blood - blood vessels
cardiovascular
30
name the organ system: - spleen - thymus - lymphatic vessels - tonsils
lymphatic
31
name the organ system: - nasal cavities - sinuses - larynx - trachea - bronchi - lungs - alveoli
respiratory
32
name the organ system: - teeth - tongue - pharynx - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - liver - gallbladder - pancreas
digestive
33
name the organ system: - kidneys - ureters - bladder - urethra
urinary
34
name the organ system: - testes - prostate - penis - scrotum
male reproductive
35
name the organ system: - ovaries - uterine tubes - uterus - vagina - labia - clitoris - mammary glands
female reproductive
36
origin of anatomical and physiological terms
greek or latin roots
37
significance of standardizing terms
to avoid miscommunication
38
anterior/ventral
front view
39
posterior/dorsal
back view
40
prone
body facing down
41
supine
body facing up
42
proximal
toward the point of attachment
43
distal
away from the point of attachment
44
lateral
away from midline
45
medial
toward midline
46
superficial
near body surface
47
deep
toward interior of the body
48
cranial/cephalic
toward the head
49
caudal
toward the tail
50
frontal/coronal plane
divides body or organ into anterior and posterior (front and back)
51
sagittal plane
divides body or organ into left and right
52
midsagittal plane
lies in the middle
53
parasagittal plane
offset from the middle
54
transverse plane
divides the body or organ into superior and inferior (cross section)
55
3 contents of the thoracic cavity
- pleural cavities - pericardial cavities - mediastinum
56
pleural cavity
surrounds the lungs
57
pericardial cavity
surrounds the heart
58
mediastinum
contains the pericardial cavity
59
3 contents of the abdominopelvic cavity
- abdominal cavity - pelvic cavity - peritoneal cavity
60
peritoneal cavity
space within the abdominopelvic cavity lined with peritoneum
61
2 contents of the peritoneal cavity
- parietal peritoneum - visceral peritoneum
62
parietal peritoneum
lines the internal body wall
63
visceral peritoneum
covers the organs
64
retroperitoneal space
- located in the abdominal cavity - area between the parietal peritoneum and the back of the muscular body wall - contains the pancreas and kidneys
65
pelvic cavity
- contains reproductive organs, rectum, and bladder - contains the inferior peritoneal cavity
66
infraperitoneal space
- located in the pelvic cavity - contains bladder, distal portion of ureters, and large intestine
67
homeostasis
stable internal environment
68
autoregulation
automatic, local response to an environmental change in a cell, tissue, or organ
69
extrinsic regulation
responses of organ systems controlled by the nervous system or the endocrine system
70
parts of homeostatic regulatory mechanism
receptor, control center, effector
71
receptor
a sensor that detects the stimulus or change
72
control center
receives and processes the information and sends commands
73
effector
carries out the commands of the control center
74
negative feedback
the response of the effector negates the original stimulus (ex. regulating body temp)
75
positive feedback
stimulus produces a response that amplifies the original change (ex. blood clotting, child birth)i
76
organ systems involved in regulating body temp
- integumentary - muscular - cardiovascular - nervous

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