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Positioning & Procedures > ch 1-2 > Flashcards

ch 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

refers to forward or front part of the body or forward part of an organ

A

anterior (ventral)

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2
Q

refers to back part of the body or organ

A

posterior (dorsal)

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3
Q

superior surface of the foot is referred to as the __ surface

A

dorsal

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4
Q

refers to parts away from the head of the body

A

caudad

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5
Q

refers to parts toward the head of the body

A

cephalad

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6
Q

refers to nearer the feet or situated below

A

inferior

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7
Q

refers to nearer the head or situated above

A

superior

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8
Q

refers to middle area or main part of an organ

A

central

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9
Q

refers to parts at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

A

peripheral

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10
Q

refers to part or parts on other side of the body

A

contralateral

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11
Q

refers to part or parts on the same side of the body

A

ipsilateral

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12
Q

refers to parts away from median plane of body or away from the middle of another body part to the right or left

A

lateral

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13
Q

refers to parts toward median plane of body or toward the middle of another plane

A

medial

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14
Q

refers to parts far from the surface

A

deep

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15
Q

refers to parts near skin or surface

A

superficial

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16
Q

refers to parts farthest from point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; away from the center of the body

A

distal

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17
Q

refers to parts nearer point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; toward the center of the body

A

proximal

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18
Q

refers to parts outside an organ or on outside of body

A

external

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19
Q

refers to parts within or on the inside of an organ

A

internal

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20
Q

refers to the wall or lining of a body cavity

A

parietal

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21
Q

refers to the covering of an organ

A

visceral

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22
Q

refers to the top or anterior surface of the foot or to the back of posterior surface of the hand

A

dorsum

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23
Q

refers to the palm of the hand

A

palmar

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24
Q

refers to the sole of the foot

A

plantar

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25
Q

structures that are less dense and permit the xray beam to pass through them

A

radiolucent

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26
Q

cannot be penetrated easily by xrays

A

radiopaque

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27
Q

composed of striated muscular tissue and are controlled by the central nervous system.

A

voluntary muscles

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28
Q

the visceral (organ) muscles are composed of smooth tissue and are controlled partially by the autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary muscles

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29
Q

distance between the object and the image receptor

A

object to image receptor (OID)

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30
Q

the greater the OID, the greater the

A

magnification

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31
Q

distance between the xray tube and the image receptor

A

source to image receptor (SID)

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32
Q

the greater the SID the less

A

magnification

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33
Q

cleft or deep groove

A

fissure

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34
Q

hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves

A

foramen

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35
Q

pit, fovea, or hollow space

A

fossa

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36
Q

shallow linear channel

A

groove

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37
Q

tube-like passageway running within a bone

A

meatus

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38
Q

indentation into border of a bone

A

notch

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39
Q

recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space

A

sinus

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40
Q

furrow, trench, or fissure-like depression

A

sulcus

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41
Q

device that receives the energy of the xray beam and forms the image of the body part

A

image receptor

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42
Q

3 general image receptor positions

A

longitudinal, horizontal, corner to corner

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43
Q

the part being examined is typically centered to the center point of the

A

image receptor

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44
Q

___ placement is most often used

A

longitudinal

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45
Q

central or prime beam of rays

A

central ray

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46
Q

typically centered to the IR unless displacement is being utilized

A

central ray

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47
Q

distance from the anode inside the xray tube to the IR

A

source-to-image receptor distance

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48
Q

ability to visualize small structures

A

spacial resolution

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49
Q

longer SID ___ ___ and increases spatial resolution

A

reduces magnification

50
Q

distance between the xray tube and the skin of the patient

A

source-to-skin distance (SSD)

51
Q

restriction of the xray beam

A

collimation

52
Q

purposes of collimation

A

reduces scatter radiation and minimizes amount of radiation to patient

53
Q

collimation is __ exposure, shuttering is __ exposure

A

pre, post

54
Q

“cropping”

A

shuttering

55
Q

images are usually oriented referring to the patients ___ __

A

anatomic position

56
Q

exceptions to anatomic position

A

digits, hands, forearms, and feet

57
Q

images should be placed the the same direction as the patients position

A

lateral radiographs

58
Q

images should be placed referring the patients anatomic position for __ radiographs

A

oblique

59
Q

structure of the body

A

anatomy

60
Q

study of the function of the bodys organs

A

physiology

61
Q

study of the body relating to the bones

A

osteology

62
Q

what is important in positioning

A

body planes

63
Q

what are the 4 body planes

A

sagittal, coronal,horizontal, oblique

64
Q

body plane that divides the body into right and left portions

A

sagittal

65
Q

body plane that divides the right and left body planes in equal portions

A

midsagittal

66
Q

body plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portion

A

coronal

67
Q

body plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

A

horizontal

68
Q

body plane that passes through the body at any angle between the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal

A

oblique

69
Q

two main cavities

A

thoracic (above diaphragm) and abdominal (below diaphragm)

70
Q

four quadrants of the abdomen

A

right upper (RUQ) & right lower(RLQ)
left upper (LUQ) & left lower (LLQ)

71
Q

what region of the abdomen contains Rt. hypochondrium, epigastrium, & lt. hypochondrium

A

superior divison

72
Q

what region of the abdomen contains rt. lateral, umbilical, & lt. lateral

A

middle divison

73
Q

what region of the abdomen contains rt. inguinal, hypogastrium, & lt. inguinal

A

inferior division

74
Q

4 body types (habitus)

A

sthenic, hyposthenic, asthenic, hypersthenic

75
Q

body type that is massive

A

hypersthenic

76
Q

body types that is average

A

sthenic

77
Q

body type that is slender

A

hyposthenic

78
Q

body type that is very slender

A

asthenic

79
Q

how many primary bones in the human body

A

206

80
Q

strong, dense, outer layer of bone

A

compact bone

81
Q

less dense inner layer of bone

A

spongy bones

82
Q

interconnecting spaces located within the spongy bone filled with yellow and red marrow

A

trabeculae

83
Q

central cavity of long bones

A

medullary cavity

84
Q

knoblike projections where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach

A

tubercles/tuberosities

85
Q

small opening where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone

A

foramina

86
Q

development and formation of bones

A

ossification

87
Q

bone found only in the limbs

A

long bone

88
Q

bone that consist mainly of a long cylindric shaft called the body and two enlarged rounded ends that contain a slippery articular surface

A

long bone

89
Q

bone that consists mainly of cancellous bone containing red marrow and have a thing layer of compact bone

A

short bones

90
Q

the femur and humerus are

A

long bones

91
Q

the only two short bones are

A

the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle

92
Q

the vertebrae and the bones in the pelvis are what type of bones

A

irregular

93
Q

the shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

94
Q

development of separate bones at the end of long bones

A

epiphysis

95
Q

limbs and digits are

A

long bones

96
Q

carpals and tarsals are

A

short bones

97
Q

the cranium, sternum, and scapula are what bones

A

flat bones

98
Q

the vertebrae, plevis and facial bones are

A

irregular

99
Q

the patella bone is a

A

sesamoid bone

100
Q

synarthroses are

A

immovable joints

101
Q

amphiarthroses are

A

slightly movable joints

102
Q

diarthroses are

A

freely movable joints

103
Q

path of the central ray as it exits the xray tube and goes through the patient to the image receptor

A

projection

104
Q

overall posture of the patient or general body position

A

position

105
Q

specific placement of the body part in relation to the radiographic table or IR during imaging

A

position

106
Q

term used to describe the body part as seen by the image recpetor

A

view

107
Q

specific radiographic projection that the individual developed

A

method

108
Q

movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part

A

abduct or abduction

109
Q

movement of a part toward the central axis of the body or body part

A

adduct or adduction

110
Q

straightening of a joint; normal position of a joint; in anatomic position

A

extension

111
Q

act of bending a joint

A

flexion

112
Q

forced or excessive extension of a limb or joints

A

hyperextension

113
Q

forced overflexion of a limb or joints

A

hyperflexion

114
Q

outward turning of the foot at the ankle

A

evert

115
Q

inward turning of the foot at the ankle

A

invert

116
Q

rotation of the forearm so that the palm is up (in anatomic position)

A

supinate

117
Q

rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down

A

pronate

118
Q

turning or rotating of the body or a body part around its axis

A

rotate

119
Q

circular movement of a limb

A

circumduction

120
Q

tipping or slanting a body part slightly

A

tilt

121
Q

turning away of the regular standard or course

A

deviation

Positioning & Procedures (7 decks)

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