Chapt. 3

Question 1

determines the shape, position, and movement of the internal organs

Answer 1

body habitus

Question 2

sthenic (average)

Answer 2

heart: moderately transverse
lungs: moderate length
diaphragm: moderately high
50% population

Question 3

asthenic (very slender)

Answer 3

heart: nearly vertical and at midline
lungs: long, apices above clavicles
diaphragm: low
10% of population

Question 4

hyposthenic (slender)

Answer 4

organs are intermediate between sthenic and athenic body habitus
35% of population

Question 5

hypersthenic (massive)

Answer 5

heart: axis nearly transverse
lungs: short, apices at or near clavicles
diaphragm: high
5% of population

Question 6

single sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae

Answer 6

bony thorax (thorax)

Question 7

2 lungs, 1 heart

Answer 7

thoracic cavity (thorax)

Question 8

cardiovascular organs, lymphatic organs, inferior esophagus, thymus gland

Answer 8

respiratory organs (thorax)

Question 9

cardiovascular organs, lymphatic organs, inferior esophagus, thymus gland

Answer 9

respiratory organs (thorax)

Question 10

bounded by the walls of the thorax and extends from the superior thoracic aperture to the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 10

thoracic cavity (thorax)

Question 11

sternum, ribs, t-spine

Answer 11

bony thorax (thorax)

Question 12

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 12

diaphragm

Question 13

3 separate chambers within the thoracic cavity

Answer 13

pericardial cavity
left pleural cavity
right pleural cavity

Question 14

thoracic cavities are lined by what

Answer 14

slippery and delicate serous membrane

Question 15

the space between the left and right pleural cavities

Answer 15

mediastinum

Question 16

contains all the thoracic structures except the lungs and pleurae

Answer 16

mediastinum

Question 17

consists of pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and 2 lungs

Answer 17

respiratory system

Question 18

air enters through the nose/mouth, ___, through the bronchial tree into the lungs

Answer 18

pharynx

Question 19

fibrous, muscular tube with 16-20 c-shaped cartilaginous rings embedded in its walls

Answer 19

trachea

Question 20

posterior aspect is flat, lies midline and anterior to the esophagus

Answer 20

trachea

Question 21

the last cartilage ring is elongated and has a hook like process

Answer 21

trachea

Question 22

area where the trachea bifurcates into the primary bronchi

Answer 22

carina

Question 23

primary bronchi enters into the left and right lungs at a notch or depression called a

Answer 23

hilus or hilum

Question 24

foreign bodies entering through the trachea are more likely to enter into the

Answer 24

right bronchus

Question 25

terminals communicate with

Answer 25

alveolar ducts

Question 26

alveolar ducts end in

Answer 26

alveolar sacs

Question 27

walls of alveolar sacs are lined with

Answer 27

alveoli

Question 28

oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged by __ in alveoli

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

organs of respiration

Answer 29

lungs

Question 30

introduce oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood

Answer 30

lungs

Question 31

lungs are covered by a layer of

Answer 31

serous membrane

Question 32

lungs are composed of a substance called

Answer 32

parenchyma

Question 33

functioning part of any organ; light, spongy, and highly elastic

Answer 33

parechyma

Question 34

superior portion of lungs

Answer 34

apex

Question 35

inferior portion of lungs

Answer 35

base

Question 36

broad area that rests obliquely on the diaphragm

Answer 36

base of lungs

Question 37

sides of lungs

Answer 37

costophrenic angles

Question 38

most inferior and lateral aspect of the lung

Answer 38

costophrenic angles

Question 39

medial border of lung

Answer 39

hilum

Question 40

left inferior/ mediastinal surface of lung

Answer 40

cardiac notch

Question 41

conforms to the heart

Answer 41

cardiac notch

Question 42

double walled serous membrane sac surrounding each lung

Answer 42

pleura

Question 43

inner layer of pleural sac

Answer 43

visceral pleura

Question 44

outer layer of pleural sac

Answer 44

parietal pleura

Question 45

space between the 2 pleural walls

Answer 45

pleural cavity

Question 46

right lung has __ lobes

Answer 46

3

Question 47

left lung has __ lobes

Answer 47

2

Question 48

right lung is shorter than left bc of presence of

Answer 48

liver

Question 49

what lung is broader

Answer 49

right

Question 50

posterior portion of neck is

Answer 50

osseous structures

Question 51

anterior portion of neck is

Answer 51

upper respiratory and digestive system

Question 52

small oval bodies located on the posterior portion of the thyroid

Answer 52

parathyroid glands

Question 53

produces parathyroid hormones (PTH)

Answer 53

parathyroid glands

Question 54

involved with the metabolism of calcium and phosphors

Answer 54

PTH parathyroid hormones

Question 55

tubular structure located in front of the spine and behind the nose, mouth, and larynx

Answer 55

pharynx

Question 56

acts as a passageway for food and air

Answer 56

pharynx

Question 57

most superior portion; allows for the passage of air from the nasal cavity to the larynx

Answer 57

nasopharynx

Question 58

located in the roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

Answer 58

pharyngeal tonsils

Question 59

lymphoid tissue that has protective immune functions

Answer 59

adenoids

Question 60

connects middle ear with nasopharynx

Answer 60

auditory (eustachian tube)

Question 61

you can only see air in

Answer 61

lungs and bowels

Question 62

pouch like opening at the base of the tongue

Answer 62

valleculae

Question 63

located at the base of the tongue

Answer 63

lingual tonsils

Question 64

typically known as "tonsils"

Answer 64

palatine tonsils

Question 65

posterior extension of oral cavity

Answer 65

oropharynx

Question 66

continues from oropharynx to the esophagus

Answer 66

laryngopharynx

Question 67

aspirated foreign objects are most likely to enter

Answer 67

right primary bronchus

Question 68

level of trachea bifurcation is the

Answer 68

carina

Question 69

divert food away from the entrance of the larynx

Answer 69

piriform sinus

Question 70

bony skeleton protecting the vocal cords

Answer 70

larynx

Question 71

organ of the voice

Answer 71

larynx

Question 72

adam's apple is the

Answer 72

laryngeal prominence

Question 73

false vocal record

Answer 73

vestibular folds

Question 74

true vocal record

Answer 74

vocal folds

Question 75

edge of vocal folds

Answer 75

rima glottidis

Question 76

"trap door" that prevents leakage in the larynx when swallowing

Answer 76

epiglottis

Question 77

space bounded by the sternum anteriorly, spine posteriorly, and lungs laterally

Answer 77

mediastinum

Question 78

mediastinum contains the: (9)

Answer 78

heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue, fat

Question 79

part of the digestive system

Answer 79

esophagus

Question 80

descends through the posterior part of the mediastinum and runs anteriorly to exit through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Answer 80

esophagus

Question 81

when the __ is filled with __ it outlines the posterior border of the heart and aorta

Answer 81

esophagus, barium

Question 82

primary control organ of the lymphatic system

Answer 82

thymus gland

Question 83

produces thymosin

Answer 83

thymus gland

Question 84

important in immune system development and maturation

Answer 84

thymosin

Question 85

2 pyramid shaped-shaped lobes, located in the lower neck and superior mediastinum

Answer 85

thymus gland

Question 86

lindbloom position is

Answer 86

lordotic