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Anthropology > Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, & 12 > Flashcards

Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, & 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fieldwork in a particular culture?

A

Ethnography

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2
Q

Extends to all societies, ancient and modern, simple and complex.

A

Anthropology

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3
Q

The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors.

A

Anthropology

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4
Q

Pertaining to the whole of the human condition, past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture.

A

Holistic

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5
Q

Traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs; distinctly human; transmitted through learning.

A

Culture

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6
Q

Comparative perspective

A

Compares biology and cultural variation between human groups in all places and at all times

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7
Q

Archaeological anthropology

A

Reconstructs past human behavior through the material remains of a culture

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8
Q

Applied anthropology

A

The application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems

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9
Q

Artifacts

A

Anything made, modified, or utilized by humans, and found in the archaeological record

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10
Q

Assimilation

A

When one culture gets taken over by another culture and their culture no longer exist, there is one culture

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11
Q

Adaptation

A

The process by which organisms cope with environmental stresses

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12
Q

Biological anthropology

A

The comparative and dichotic and holistic study of human Biological diversity

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13
Q

Business anthropology

A

Include ethnography and observation as ways of gathering data, cross cultural expertise, and focus on cultural diverse city

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14
Q

Biocultural perspective

A

The understanding of how biology and culture interact to influence the human condition

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15
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

The study of human society and culture explains social and cultural similarities and differences

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16
Q

Carlisle Indian school

A

school where white army thought that they could turn native americans into white Americans

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17
Q

Consultant

A

A well informed informant with specialized knowledge who teaches the anthropologist while in the field

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18
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The position that values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect. In order to understand another culture fully, anthropologists try to understand its members beliefs and motivations.

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19
Q

CRM

A

Cultural resource management, The approach of preserving and collecting sites threatened by development

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20
Q

Napoleon Chagnon

A

is an American anthropologist and professor of anthropology He studied the tribe Yanomamo

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21
Q

Cultural ecology

A

is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. Human adaptation refers to both biological and cultural processes that enable a population to survive and reproduce within a given or changing environmen

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22
Q

Cemetery mitigation

A

Reduces the negative affects of cemeteries

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23
Q

Development anthropology

A

The branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in, and the cultural dimension of, economic development

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24
Q

Discrimination

A

To deliberately harm members of another social group as a result of prejudice

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25
Ethnocide
When members of one culture deliberately destroy the members of another group
26
Edward B. Taylor
offered a broad definition, stating that culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
27
Enculturation
The social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations
28
Ethnocentrism
Devaluation of another's culture relative to your own
29
Ethnology
Examines analyzes and compares Ethnographies in order to identify and explain cultural differences and similarities
30
Ethnicity
Identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation
31
Ethnomedicine
The study of how different cultures understand and treat disease
32
Ecological perspective
used primarily as a qualitative research perspective borrowed from the natural sciences, where environmental factors are influential and studied in addition to the primary subjects of the research
33
Ethnic cleansing
Genocide and forced migration
34
Educational anthropology
is a sub-field of anthropology
35
Ethnic state
One nation one culture
36
Etic
Outsiders perspective
37
Emic
Natives perspective
38
Ethnic group
Group distinguished by cultural similarities shared among members of that group and differences between that group and others. Ethnic group members are thought to share beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms
39
Fieldwork
The process of becoming a cultural anthropologist has required field experience in another's society
40
Informal interviewing
Open ended and unstructured
41
Formal interviewing
Grows out of cultural knowledge, scripted
42
Forensic anthropology
Biological physical anthropology
43
Franz Boaz
Father of American anthropology
44
Genealogical method
Ethnographers discover and record connections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols
45
Genocide
A systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
46
Homo sapiens sapiens
Genius species subspecies
47
Why the second Sapiens
Neanderthals existed 200,000 to 25,000 years ago the middle east and Europe
48
Rapport
Friendly personal relationships based on personal contact with informants
49
Life histories
Personal narratives that focus on an individual within the culture
50
Informant
Has specialized knowledge teaching the anthropologist in the field
51
Independent invention
Development of the same cultural trait or pattern in separate cultures as a result of comparable needs and circumstances
52
Informed consent
An agreement sought by ethnographers from community members to take part in research
53
Indian removal act
federal law that permitted the president to give public lands in the West to Indians residing in eastern states, in exchange for their removal west of the Mississippi River
54
Industrial anthropology
help companies design products and organizational processes that incorporate an understanding of consumers, employees and external communities
55
Linguistic anthropology
Focuses on communication, is a sub discipline of general anthropology
56
Medical anthropology
Unites biological and cultural anthropologist in the study of disease, health problems, and healthcare systems
57
Multiculturalism
Being of one or more cultures at the same time
58
Multiethnic state
Not one but many cultures in one nation
59
Melting pot
An environment in which many ideas and races are socially assimilated
60
Neanderthals
Lived 25 to 200,000 years ago in Middle East and Europe, humans have 1 to 4% of the DNA, They have larger brains than humans.
61
Primates
All humans are primates
62
Culture
Everything that you learn, not biology
63
Prejudice
To negatively judge members of another social group based on stereotype
64
Racism
Discrimination against an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis
65
Survey research
Characteristic research Procedure among social scientist other than anthropologists, which studies society through sampling, statistical analysts and impersonal data collection
66
Salvage anthropology
is related to salvage ethnography, but often refers specifically to the collection of cultural artifacts and human remains, rather than the general collection of data and images
67
Social race
A group assumed to have a biological basis but actually perceived and defined in a social context, by a particular culture rather than by scientific criteria.
68
Salad bowl
Instead of having one big culture, the American culture, there are many cultures in America, thus the salad bowl
69
Participant observation
A characteristic ethnographic technique, taking part in the events one is observing, describing, and analyzing
70
Yanomamo
a member of American Indian people living in Southern Venezuela and Brazil
71
Diachronic perspective
concerned with phenomena, such as linguistic features, as they change through time
72
Nature
Biology
73
Nurture
Culture
74
The pizza effect
Taking one thing, bringing it to another place, making it into something bigger, and then taking it back to the original place.
75
Consultant
A well informed informant with specialized knowledge who teaches an anthropologist while in the field
76
Taxonomy
The scientific study of the classification of life
77
Diffusion
Borrowing between cultures either directly or through intermediaries
78
U.S.A.I.D
United States agency for international development
79
Urban anthropology
Is the cross cultural and ethnographic study of global urbanization and life in cities

Anthropology (2 decks)

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