Ch 1,2,3,5,6 Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
What makes up the DIKW paradigm?
A
Data, knowledge, wisdom.
2
Q
EHR
A
Electronic health record
3
Q
The term used to describe the science of information management in healthcare?
A
Informatics
4
Q
_______ is composed of data that was processed using ______.
A
Information, knowledge
5
Q
For information to be _________, it must be accessible, accurate, timely, complete, cost effective, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple, verifiable, and secure
A
Valuable
6
Q
What is knowledge dissemination?
A
Sharing of information/knowledge
7
Q
This leads to further processing, generating, and then disseminating knowledge?
A
Knowledge acquisition
8
Q
Bytes(data), knowledge acquisition, knowledge generation, and knowledge dissemination, make up this model? As well as feedback
A
Foundation of knowledge model
9
Q
What are healthcare workers?
A
Knowledge workers
10
Q
Those who work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product.
A
Knowledge workers
11
Q
To have ongoing value, knowledge must be?
A
Viable
12
Q
_________ is the application of knowledge to an appropriate situation?
A
Wisdom
13
Q
How is wisdom developed?
A
Knowledge, experience, insight, and reflection
14
Q
What is thought of as the highest form of common sense?
A
Wisdom
15
Q
Are knowledge and wisdom synonymous?
A
No. wisdom is more about one persons mind versus knowledge is based off of many peoples thoughts and information
16
Q
CIS
A
Clinical information system
17
Q
This provides opportunities to explore large amounts of data to look for patterns in the data as a way to evaluate or inform practice.
A
Data mining
18
Q
This demonstrates efficiency.
A
Competency
19
Q
Competencies allow us to understand our _______ and ______.
A
Strengths and weaknesses
20
Q
AHIMA-AMIA task force identified 5 domains of informatic competencies for health care workers.
A
I. Health information literacy and skills
II. Health informatics skills using the EHR
III. Privacy and confidentiality of health information
IV. Health information/data technical security
V. Basic computer literacy skills
21
Q
EHR is divided into six levels of competency.
A
Personal effectiveness, academic competencies, workplace competencies, industry wide technical competencies, industry sector technical competencies, and management competencies.
22
Q
What issues/concerns arise with health care information?
A
Ownership, access, disclosures, exchange, security, privacy, disposal, and dissemination
23
Q
What is the HiTech act of 2014?
A
The deadline for implementing EHR’s, yet most institutions continue to struggle with the implementation and or use of their EHR
24
Q
What is one of the main issues/concerns with information technology?
A
How health care information is managed to make it meaningful
25
_____ are raw facts
Data
26
____________ is processed data that have meaning
Information
27
Examples of types of data:
Alphabet, numeric, audio, image, and video data
28
The ________ and __________ of data is what matters not the form.
Integrity and quality
29
____________ refers to whole, complete, correct, and consistent data
Integrity
30
How can data integrity be compromised?
Human error, viruses, worms, or other computer bugs, hardware failures or crashes, transmission errors, or hackers entering the system.
31
User interface?
Helps people input data correctly
32
When is data considered dirty?
When a data base contains errors, such as duplicate, incomplete, or outdated records.
33
To be valuable and meaningful, information must be?
Of good quality
34
Characteristic of valuable quality information:
```
Accessibility
Secure
Timely
Accurate
Relevant
Complete
Flexible
Reliable
Objective
Utility
Transparency
Verifiable
Reproducible
```
35
Why is security a major challenge?
Because unauthorized users must be blocked while authorized users are provided with easy open access
36
Relevant information is a ____________ descriptor in that the user must have the information that is relevant or applicable to his or her needs.
Subjective
37
_________ information contains all the necessary essential data
Complete
38
________ information is as close to truth as one can get, it is not subjective or biased, but is factual and impartial
Objective
39
___________ refers to the ability to provide the right information at the right time to the right person for the right purpose.
Utility
40
________ allows user to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing their information disappears.
Transparency
41
__________ is acquired either by actively looking for it or by having it conveyed by the environment
Information
42
_______ is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision
Knowledge
43
Information science has evolved over the last 50yrs and is composed of:
```
Cognitive science
Communication science
Computer science
Library science
Social sciences
```
44
What is information science systematically based in?
Based in the big picture rather than individual pieces of technology
45
What can information science be related to?
Determinism: the belief that technology develops by its own laws, that it realizes its own potential, limited only by the material resources available and must be regarded as an autonomous system
46
______ ________ is an interdisciplinary people oriented field that explores and enhances the interchange of information to transform society
Information science
47
What is society dominated by?
The need for information and knowledge and information science focuses on systems and individual users by fostering user centered approaches
48
Information science enables the ________ of information
Processing
49
Humans are __________ information systems
Organic
50
________ is data processed using knowledge
Information
51
The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable information is _____________
Generative
52
___________ is the ability to originate and produce or generate
Generative
53
Knowledge represent 5 rights:
```
Right information
Accessible by the right people
Right setting
Applied the right way
Right time
```
54
An important and ongoing process is the struggle to integrate _____ knowledge and ______ knowledge to enhance wisdom.
New, old
55
If clinicians are inundated with data without the ability to process it, the situation results in ?
Too much data and too little wisdom
56
This science originated as a sub discipline of computer science as practitioners struggled to understand and rationalize the management of technology with in an organization.
Information science
57
Information science has brought benefits but also new risks:
Glitches and loss of information
| Hackers who steal identities and information
58
Interdepartmental sharing and information exchange is different and a hinderance is known as?
Interoperability
59
CIO, CTO
Chief information officer
| Chief technical officer
60
_______ is focused on the organizational based scientific and technical issues and is responsible for technical research and development as part of the organizations products and services
Chief technical officer
61
CBI
Computer based information systems
62
Information services are only as functional as the:
Decision making capabilities
Problem solving skills
Program potency
63
Input or data _______, is the activity of collecting and acquiring raw data
Acquisition
64
Examples of input devices:
Hardware
Software
Telecommunications
65
__________ the retrieval, analysis, or synthesis of data
Processing
66
output or _________ produces helpful or useful information that can be in the form of reports, documents, summaries, alerts, or outcomes
Dissemination
67
________ are designed to inform and generally tailored to to the context of a given situation or user or user groups
Reports
68
__________ represent information that can be printed, saved, emailed or otherwise shared or displayed
Documents
69
__________condensed versions to highlight the major points
Summaries
70
_______ are warnings, feedbackor additoinal information necessary to assist the user in interacting with the system
Alerts
71
________ are the expected results of inputs and processing
Outcomes
72
_________ or responses or reactions to the inputting, processing, and outputs
Feedback
73
What has computer technology ushered in?
Information age
74
Computers are _____-____ systems
Input, output
75
When was the first computer invented
1940s
76
PDA
Personal digital assistant
77
Most computers are based on scientist ____ ___ ____ model of processor memory input output architecture
John Von Neumann
78
What is the brain of the computer?
Central processing unit (CPU)
79
_____ memory is extremely quick memory that holds whatever data and codes are being used at any one time
Cache
80
MHz
Megahertz
81
What is the central nervous system of the computer?
Mother board
82
RAM
Random access memory
83
_____ memory is a special type of memory that is stored on the hard disk to provide temporary data storage so data can be swapped in and out of the RAM as needed
Virtual
84
____ connects to a printer (ports)
Parallel
85
____ connects to an external modem
Serial
86
____ connects to myriad plug in devices such as portable flash drives digital cameras
USB
87
The _____ ____ converts digital data into an analog signal that's then output to the computers speakers or headphones
Sound card
88
What's the smallest possible chunk of data memory used in the computer processing and is depicted as either a 1 or a 0
Bit
89
This is a chunk of memory that consists of 8 bits , considered the best way to indicate computer memory or storage capacity
Byte
90
4 categories if software:
OS software
Productivity software
Creativity software
Communication software
91
Examples of open source productivity software
Open office
| Koffice
92
What is the most important software on any computer?
OS
93
6 basic processes for OS tasks:
```
Memory management
Device management
Processor management
Storage management
Application interface
User interface
```
94
Design goals for for microsoft windows
```
Portability
Security
Portable operating system in interface for unix
Multiprocessor support
Extensibility
Compatibility
```
95
Examples of input devices:
```
Keyboard
Mouse
Joysticks
Game controllers
Pads webcams
Stylus
Image scanners
Digital cameras
```
96
What's the second most used input device
Mouse
97
The ______ the refresh rate, the cleaner and clearer the image on the screen because the monitor refreshes the screen contents more frequently
Faster
98
What's the most commonly used output devices?
Printers
Speakers
Portable disc drives
99
This is known as penal law
Criminal law
100
A _____ is any social harm defined and punishable by law
Crime
101
What is the fourth of four basic building blocks used to understand informatics?
Cognitive science
102
Who coined the term cognitive science?
Christopher Longuet-Higgins
103
This is a component of cognitive science and uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities
Connectionism
104
According to Holt, there are two competing traditions concerning the ultimate source of our knowledge
Empiricism and rationalism
105
This is based on the knowledge being derived from experiences or senses
Empiricism
106
This contends that some of our knowledge is derived from reason alone and that reason plays an important role in the acquisition of all of our knowledge
Rationalism
107
Empiricist do not recognize ____ _____
Innate knowledge
108
There are 3 sources of knowledge
Instinct
Reason
Intuition
109
This is a way of acquiring knowledge that cannot be obtained by inference, deduction, observation, reason, analysis, or experience
Intuition
110
This is the process of acquiring knowledge about the environment or situation by obtaining, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information from seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling
Perception
111
This is a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration: the science of formal principles of reasoning
Logic
112
This is the study of nature and origin of knowledge, what it means to know
Epistemology
113
_____ entails knowing when and how to apply knowledge
Wisdom
114
CI
Cognitive informatics
115
The field of ___ _____ deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies
Artificial intelligence
116
When was AI founded?
1950s
117
This is a process of systematically examine varying viewpoints related to moral questions of right and wrong.
Ethics
118
The study and formulation of health care ethics
Bioethics
119
These arise when moral issues raise questions that cannot be answered with simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view
Ethical dilemmas
120
These are the social views of what's right and wrong
Morals
121
Nonmaleficence
Do no harm
122
8 standards for the ethical development of health related internet sites:
```
Candor
Honesty
Quality
Informed consent
Privacy
Professionalism
Responsible partnering
Accountability
```
123
Hippocrates tradition emphasized what?
Duty, virtue, gentlemanly conduct
124
This arose as society became more heterogeneous and members began experiencing a diversity of incompatible beliefs and values, it emerged as a foundation for ethical decision making
Principlism
125
This refers to an individuals freedom from controlling interferences by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices
Autonomy
126
This asserts obligation not to inflict harm intentionally and forms the framework for the standard of care to be met by any professional
Nonmaleficence
127
Refers to actions performed that contribute to the welfare of others
Beneficence
128
Refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to a person
Justice
129
_____ is a case based ethical reasoning methods that analyze the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner
Casuistry
130
This is any characteristic or disposition desired in others or oneself
Virtues
131
Plato emphasized 4 cardinal virtues
Wisdom
Courage
Self-control
Justice
