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PSY399 > CH 1, 2 & 5 > Flashcards

CH 1, 2 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

ANDROCENTRIC

A

Male Centred

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2
Q

SEMECA FALLS (1848)

A

Rejected the doctrine of female inferiority then taught by academics and clergy.

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3
Q

Liberal Feminism

A

Women are entitled to full legal and social equality with men and who fairs changes in laws, customs and values to achieve the goal of equality.

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4
Q

Radical Feminism

A

Emphasizes male control and domination of women throughout history.

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5
Q

Separatism

A

Women can escape patriarchy only by creating their own woman-only communities.

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6
Q

Womanism (cultural)

A

Focuses on issues of importance to minority communities: poverty, racism, jobs, health care, and access to education.

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7
Q

Conservatism

A

Seek to keep gender arrangements as they have been much of the past, with men holding more public power and status.

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8
Q

Pro-Feminist

A

Men who believe that this term acknowledges women’s leadership of the feminist movement and express their understanding that women and men have different experiences of gender.

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9
Q

Feminism

A

A movement to end sexism and sexist oppression.

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10
Q

Feminist

A

An individual who holds the beliefs that women are valuable and that social change to benefit women is needed.

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11
Q

Global Feminism

A

Prejudice and discrimination against women are related across cultures.

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12
Q

Sex

A

Biological differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy and function.

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13
Q

Gender

A

The traits that make up masculinity and femininity.

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14
Q

Power

A

The ability to control the outcomes of others by providing or withholding resources.

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15
Q

Status

A

Social standing that elicits respect.

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16
Q

Patriarchal

A

“Ruled by the fathers”

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17
Q

Legitimizing Myths

A

Attitudes, values and beliefs that serve to justify hierarchical social practices.

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18
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative attitude or feeling toward a person because of his or her membership in particular social group.

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19
Q

Sexism

A

Prejudice on the basis of sex or gender.

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20
Q

Heterosexism

A

Negative attitudes and beliefs about lesbian, gay, transgendered, and bisexual people.

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21
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating people unfairly because of their membership in particular group.

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22
Q

Biological Determinism

A

The idea that gender is determined by biological features.

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23
Q

Social Constructivism

A

Gender is a creation of culture

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24
Q

Out-group homogeneity Effect

A

People tend to characterize out group members as being all alike and having similar qualities.

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25
Q

Self-Presentation

A

Acting out a selfie response to the expectations of others

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26
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

Expectations can make the expected events come true.

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27
Q

Intrusive Interruptions

A

The kind of interruption that are active attempts to end the other steamers turn and take over the conversation.

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28
Q

Double Blinds

A

Damned if you do, Damned if you don’t — Situation

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29
Q

Gender management Strategies

A

Ways of behaving that are aimed at softening a woman’s impact, reassuring others that she is not threatening and displaying niceness as well as (not too much) competence.

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30
Q

Gender Typing

A

Women and men come to accept gender distinctions visible at the social structural level and enacted at the interpersonal level as part of the self-concept.

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31
Q

Gender-Typed

A

Individuals become this when they ascribe to themselves the traits, behaviours and roles normative for people of their sex in their culture.

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32
Q

Ambivalent Sexism

A

Men who endorse both hostile sexism and benevolent sexism.

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33
Q

Benevolent Sexism

A

Emphasis that women are special beings to be cherished and protected.

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34
Q

Hostile Sexism

A

Women are inferior and they are threatening to take over men’s rightful dominance.

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35
Q

Gender Normative (cisgender)

A

Refers to people whose sex assignment at birth corresponds to their gender identity and expression.

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36
Q

Gender Fluidity

A

Conveys a wider, more flexible range of gender expression, with interests and behaviours that may even change from day to day.

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37
Q

Linguistic Sexism

A

Inequitable treatment of women and men that is built into the language.

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38
Q

Gender Stereotypes

A

Networks of related beliefs that reflect the common “wisdom” of men and women.

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39
Q

Sexual Objectification

A

When women’s bodies are sexualized in media, the women themselves are often reduced to those bodies or even just parts of them.

40
Q

Schema

A

Mental Framework.

41
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

When people know that there is a negative stereotype about their groups abilities, the pressure caused by their fear of confirming the stereotype can interfere with their performance.

42
Q

Faceism

A

Measured as the proportion of the overall image devoted to the face it is typically a mans face that is more focussed on in media.

43
Q

Objectification Theory

A

Explains that in sexually objectifying culture, girls and women learn to “internalize an observers perspective as a primary view of their physical selves.

44
Q

Behavioural Confirmation

A

Suggests that when higher power people interact with lower power people about whom they hold stereotypes they may intentionally or unintentionally treat those people in ways that actually elicit stereotype-consistent behaviours even when the stereotype is inaccurate.

45
Q

Gender-Marked

A

Terms that are always prefaced by “women” if is something being done by women but never prefaced by men because it is seen normal for men to do it.

For Example: Stewardess - Implies that the server is female.

46
Q

Stereotypes

A

Theories that people carry around in their heads about how members of a particular group think, look, and behave, and how these attributes are linked.

47
Q

Body Image

A

The mental picture one has of ones appearance and the associated feelings about the size, shape, and attractiveness of ones body.

48
Q

Social Comparison Process

A

Idealized beauty images make women feel bad because their own appearance suffers by comparison.

49
Q

Feminist Language Reform

A

Efforts to eliminate gender bias in the structure, content, and usage of language and to provide non sexist alternatives.

50
Q

Similarities Tradition

A

Claims that women and men are very much alike in intelligence, personality abilities and goals.

51
Q

Differences Tradition

A

Claims that there are fundamental differences between women and men that should be recognized and honoured.

52
Q

Confounding

A

The effects of two or more variables are mixed, and it becomes impossible to decide which variable is causing experimental effects.

53
Q

Meta-Analysis

A

Uses quantitative methods to summarize the results of research done by different people at different times.

54
Q

Moderator Variable

A

A variable that interacts with another variable to change its effect.

55
Q

Variability Hypothesis

A

It was asserted that men, as a group are more variable — in other words although men and women may be similar on average there are more men at the extremes of human behaviour.

56
Q

Female under-prediction effect

A

Compromises women’s right to equal education; usually talking about expecting lower scores on tests from women.

57
Q

Female Under-prediction effect

A

Compromises women’s right to equal education, usually talking about expecting lower scores on tests from women.

58
Q

Decoding Ability

A

Women are somewhat more skilled at recognizing emotions expressed by others.

59
Q

Sexual Differentiation

A

Genetic, hormonal and anatomical components that develop gradually before birth.

60
Q

Autonomies

A

22 Paris of non-sex chromosomes inherited by each human being.

61
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

One pair of chromosomes usually called X and Y chromosomes.

62
Q

Females chromosomes

A
  • has two X chromosomes XX
63
Q

Males Chromosomes

A

Has one X and one Y chromosome XY

64
Q

Gonads

A

Gene that stimulates the embryonic sex glands development. They then develop into testes.

65
Q

Testes

A

Pair of male sex glands that begin producing sperm starting at puberty.

66
Q

When does testes develop?

A
  • Develops at about the sixth week of pregnancy.
67
Q

Dihydrotestoster One

A

Androgen that stimulates the growth of the penis and the formation of testicles.

68
Q

MIH

A

Mullerian Duct Inhibiting Hormone.

69
Q

Mullerian Duct inhibiting hormone

A

Prevents the internal embryonic structures from developing into female organs.

70
Q

What happens to the gonads in female fetuses?

A
  • Gonads develop into ovaries
71
Q

Ovaries

A

Pair of female sex glands containing eggs.

72
Q

Estrogens

A

Steroid hormones produced by the ovaries.

73
Q

What female structures form before the ovaries are formed?

A

-Vagina, labia, and clitoris.

74
Q

Assigned Sex

A

Label of female or male given to a baby base on the appearance of its genitals.

75
Q

Intersexuality

A

Number of specific variations on the theme of biological sex.

76
Q

Intersected Individuals

A

People with any of these variations - variations of the theme biological sex.

77
Q

Klinefelter’s Sydndrome

A

XXY chromosomal irregularity in men that causes them to have a less masculine physique and appearance.

78
Q

Complete androgen insensitivity Syndrome

A

Conditions in which androgens fail to prompt development of male reproductive structures.

79
Q

Turners Syndrome

A

Missing sex chromosomes.

  • Fetus with this condition lacks androgens and estrogens during development and does not develop complete internal reproductive structures.
80
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

Historical Label for people with sexually ambiguous bodies.

81
Q

Partial Androgen

A

Causes an ambiguous sex organ externally, which could be classified as either a large clitoris or small penis.

82
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

Genetically inherited malfunction of one or more of the enzymes needed to make the steroid hormone cortisol

83
Q

Core Gender Identity

A

Fundamental sense fo belonging to a biological sex.

84
Q

Transgender

A

General term referring to a variety of gender variant identities.

85
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

Official psychiatric category for those individuals who experience a disjunction between their assigned sex and their core gender identity.

86
Q

Gender Affirmation Surgery

A

Surgery to change genital anatomy and secondary sex characteristics to conform to gender identity.

87
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Multidimensional concept involving erotic attraction, affection all relationships, sexual behaviour, erotic fantasies and emotional attachments.

88
Q

Social Construction

A

Assumptions underlying our common sense beliefs about sex are products of a specific culture, not universal or fixed truths about nature..

89
Q

Optimal Gender

A

Criteria for best fit flexible, reproductive potential, sexual function, appearance, and the person core gender identity needed to be considered.

90
Q

Hijra or Aravanis in India

A

Third sex or third nature people who are neither men nor women, adopts female names and clothes, but they differ from women by behaviour and their non-childbearing status.

91
Q

Fa’afafine in Samoa

A

Translates as “in the way of a woman”
Biological males who dress and behave as women and take up women’s tasks such as caregiving and teaching
-Treated like women in social interactions, and they are clearly differentiated from biological women and men.

92
Q

Berdache in North American Indian Culture

A
  • Third sex category also called two-spirit people

- Biological males who dress as women and adopt flexible gender roles.

93
Q

Pledged virgin in the Balkans or former Yugoslavia and Albania

A
  • Third Sex category for women
  • Non Sexual
  • Involvers adopting the men’s role when there is no man available
  • No longer considered or treated as a woman.
94
Q

Genderqueer

A

People whose gender identities are neither exclusively male nor female bu instead are outside the gender binary. Also referred to as:

  • Gender Expansive
  • Non- Binary
  • Agender
95
Q

Genderfluid

A

Person who moves between genders or whose gender fluctuates and changes across time.

96
Q

Transphobia or genderism

A

Negative attitudes toward gender-variant people are prevalent and a threat to the to safety of transgender.

97
Q

Transphobia or Genderism

A

Negative attitude toward gender-variant people are prevalent and a threat to the safety of transgender individuals.

PSY399 (2 decks)

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