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Abnormal Psychology > Ch. 1-4 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Ch. 1-4 (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal Psychology

A

The scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

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2
Q

Norms

A

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.

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3
Q

Culture

A

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts.

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4
Q

Treatment/Therapy

A

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.

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5
Q

Trephination

A

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior.

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6
Q

Humors

A

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning.

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7
Q

Asylum

A

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became virtual prisons.

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8
Q

Moral Treatment

A

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.

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9
Q

State Hospitals

A

State-run public mental institutions in the United States.

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10
Q

Somatogenic Perspective

A

The view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes.

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11
Q

Psychogenic Perspective

A

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.

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12
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology.

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13
Q

Psychotropic Medications

A

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning.

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14
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.

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15
Q

Private Psychotherapy

A

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling servieces.

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16
Q

Prevention

A

Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop.

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17
Q

Positive Psychology

A

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

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18
Q

Multicultural Psychology

A

The field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior.

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19
Q

Managed Care Program

A

Health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services.

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20
Q

Cybertherapy

A

The use of computer technology, such as Skype or avatars, to provide therapy.

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21
Q

Nomothetic Understanding

A

A general understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal functioning, in the form of laws or principles.

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22
Q

Scientific Method

A

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to understand a phenomenon.

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23
Q

Hypothesis

A

A hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways.

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24
Q

Case Study

A

A detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems.

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25
Internal Validity
The accuracy with which a study can pinpoint one factor as the cause of a phenomenon.
26
External Validity
The degree to which the results of a study may be generalized beyond that study.
27
Correlation
The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other.
28
Correlational Method
A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other.
29
Epidemiological Study
A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population.
30
Incidence
The number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.
31
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.
32
Analogue Experiment
A research method in which the experimenter produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts experiments on the participants.
33
Model/Paradigm
A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations.
34
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A biological treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient's forehead.
35
Ego Therapy
The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the ego and considers it an independent force.
36
Self Theory
The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the self - our unified personality.
37
Object Relations Theory
The psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior.
38
Resistance
An unconcious refusal to participate fully in therapy.
39
Transference
According to psychodynamic theorists, the redirection toward the pyschotherapist of feelings associated with important figures in a patient's life, now or in the past.
40
Dream
A series of ideas and images that form during sleep.
41
Catharsis
The reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems.
42
Working Through
The pychoanalytic process of facing conflicts, reinterpreting feelings, and overcoming one's problems.
43
Relational Psychoanalytic Therapy
A form of psychodynamic therapy that believes the reactions and beliefs of therapists should be openly included in the therapy process.
44
Systematic Desensitizaton
A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to the objects or situations they dread.
45
Self-Efficacy
The belief that one can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary.
46
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
Therapy approaches that seek to help clients change both counterproductive behaviors and dysfunctional ways of thinking.
47
Cognitive Therapy
A therapy developed by Aaron Beck that helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes.
48
Self-Actualization
The humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth.
49
Client-Centered Therapy
The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness.
50
Gestalt Therapy
The humanistic therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which clinicians actively move clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self-discovery exercises.
51
Existential Therapy
A therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibilty for their lives and to live with greater meaning and value.
52
Family Systems Theory
A theory that views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules.
53
Group Therapy
A therapy format in which a group of people with similar problems meet together with a therapist to work on those problems.
54
Self-Help Group/Mutual Help Group
A group made up of people with similar problems who help and support one another without the direct leadership of a clinician.
55
Family Therapy
A therapy format in which the therapist meets with all members of a family and helps them to change in therapeutic ways.
56
Couple Therapy/Marital Therapy
A therapy format in which the therapist works with two people who share a long-term relationship.
57
Community Mental Health Treatment
A treatment approach that emphasizes community care.
58
Multicultural Perspective/Culturally Diverse Perspective
The view that each culture within a larger society has a particular set of values and beliefs, as well as special external pressures, that help account for the behavior and functioning of its members.
59
Culture-Sensitive Therapies
Approaches that are designed to help address the unique issues faced by members of cultural minority groups.
60
Gender-Sensitive Therapies/Feminist Therapies
Approaches geared to the pressures of being a woman in Western society.
61
Biopsychosocial Theories
Explanations that attribute the cause of abnormailty to an interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and societal influences.
62
Idiographic Understanding
An understanding of a particular individual.
63
Assessment
The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant.
64
Standardization
The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual's score can be measured.
65
Reliability
A measure of the consistency of test or research results.
66
Validity
A measure of the accuracy of a test's or study's results.
67
Mental Status Exam
A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client's abnormal functioning.
68
Clinical Test
A device for gathering information about a few aspects of person's psychological funtioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred.
69
Projective Test
A test consisting of ambigious material that people interpret or respond to.
70
Personality Inventory
A test, designed to measure broad personality characteristics, consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them.
71
Response Inventories
Tests designed to measure a person's responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes.
72
Psychophysiological Test
A test that measures physical responses (such as heart rate and muscle tension) as possible indicators of psychological problems.
73
Neurological Test
A test that directly measures brain structure or activity.
74
Neuroimaging Techniques/Brain Scans
Neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs.
75
Neuropsychological Test
A test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person's cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances.
76
Intelligence Test
A test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability.
77
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
An overall score derived from intelligence tests.
78
Diagnosis
A determination that a person's reflect a particular disorder.
79
Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together.
80
Classification System
A list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate diagnoses.
81
Empirically Supported Treatment/Evidence-Based Treatment
Therapy that has recieved clear research support for a particular disorder and has corresponding treatment guidelines.
82
Rapprochement Movement
A movement to identify a set of common factors, or common strategies, that run through all successful therapies.
83
Psychopharmacologist
A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications.
84
Mass Madness
Large numbers of people apparently shared delusions (absurd false beliefs) and hallucinations (imagined sights or sounds).
85
Tarantism
Groups of people would suddenly start to jump, dance, and go into convulsions.
86
Lycanthropy
People thought they were possessed by wolves or other animals.
87
Philippe Pinel
Chief physician of an asylum in Paris for male patients; treated with sympathy and kindness, no violence.
88
Types of Mental Health Professionals
Psychiartrists, clinical and counseling psychologists, licensed professional counselors, clinical social workers, family and marriage therapists, psychiatric nurses, amd paraprofessionals.
89
Theory
Proposes underlying principles to explain a set of phemomena, generates multiple operationalizations (generalizable), is testable, and is falsifiable.
90
Anxiety
Insufficient GABA activity.
91
Schizophrenia
Excessive dopamine activity.
92
Depression
Insufficient norepinephrine and serotonin activity.
93
Stages of Psychosexual Development
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
94
Acceptance and Commitment Theory (ACT)
Mindfully accept problems and commit to valued action.
95
Biofeedback
Techniques that allow people to control typically unconscious or involuntary functions such as blood pressure

Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

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