Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology > Ch. 5-8 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Ch. 5-8 (Exam 2) Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Fear

A

The central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well-being.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anxiety

A

The central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

A disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Client-Centered Therapy/Person-Centered Therapy

A

The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately, and conveying genuineness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic Irrational Assumptions

A

The inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems, according to Albert Ellis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rational-Emotive Therapy

A

A cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helps clients identify and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their psychological disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Family Pedigree Study

A

A research design in which investigators determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

A

A neurotransmitter whose low activity has been linked to generalized anxiety disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

A

Drugs that calm people at lower doses and help them to fall asleep at higher doses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relaxation Training

A

A treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Biofeedback

A

A technique in which a client is given information about physicological reactions as they occur and learns to control the reactions voluntarily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

A device that provides feedback about the level of muscular tension in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phobia

A

A persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specific Phobia

A

A severe and persistent fear of a specific object of situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Agoraphobia

A

An anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in public situations from which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like or embarassing symptoms were to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

A process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person’s mind and so produce the same response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Modeling

A

A process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

A phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Preparedness

A

A predisposition to develop certain fears.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exposure Treatments

A

Behavioral treatments in which persons are exposed to the objects or situations they dread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

A behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Flooding

A

A treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

A severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarassment may occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Social Skilles Training
A therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through role playing and rehearsing of desireable behaviors.
26
Panic Attacks
Periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass.
27
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks.
28
Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to panic disorder and depression.
29
Locus Coeruleus
A small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of emotions. Many of its neurons use norepinephrine.
30
Amygdala
A small, almond-shaped structure of the brain that processes emotional information.
31
Biological Challenge Test
A procedure used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in the presence of a researcher or therapist.
32
Anxiety Sensitivity
A tendency to focus on one's bodily sensations, assess them logically, and interpret them as harmful.
33
Obsession
A persistent thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive, and causes anxiety.
34
Compulsion
A repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety.
35
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A disorder in which a person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
36
Isolation
An ego defense mechanism in which people unconsciously isolate and disown undesireable and unwanted thoughts, experiencing them as foreign intrusions.
37
Undoing
An ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconciously cancels out an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act.
38
Reaction Formation
An ego defense mechanism whereby a person suppresses an unacceptable desire by taking on a life-style that expresses the opposite desire.
39
Exposure and Response Prevention/Exposure and Ritual Prevention
A behavioral treatment for OCD that exposes a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then prevents the client from performing his or her compulsive acts.
40
Neutralizing
A person's attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally, making up for the unacceptable thoughts.
41
Serotonin
A neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to depression, OCD, and eating disorders.
42
Orbitofrontal Cortex
A region of the brain in which impulses involving excretion, sexuality, violence, and other primitive activities normally arise.
43
Caudate Nuclei
Structures in the brain, within the region known as the basal ganglia, that help convert sensory information into thoughts and actions.
44
Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Disorders
Disorders in which obsessive-like concerns drive people to repeatedly and excessively perform certain patterns of behavior that greatly disrupt their lives.
45
Hoarding Disorder
A disorder in which individuals feel compelled to save items and become very distressed if they try to discard them, resulting in an excessive accumulation of items.
46
Trichotillomania/Hair-Picking Disorder
A disorder in which people repeatedly pull out hair from their scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or other parts of the body.
47
Excortiation Disorder/Skin-Picking Disorder
A disorder in which people repeatedly pick at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds.
48
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A disorder in which individuals become preoccupied with the belief that they have certain defects or flaws in their physical appearance. Such defects or flaws are imagined or greatly exaggerated.
49
Stress-Management Program
An approach to treating generalized and other anxiety disorders that teaches clients techniques for reducing and controlling stress.
50
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
The network of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to all the other organs of the body.
51
Endocrine System
The system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity.
52
Sympathetic Nervous System
The nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that quicken that heartbeat and produce other changes experienced as arousal and fear.
53
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that help return bodily processes to normal.
54
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Pathway
One route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear.
55
Corticosteroids
A group of hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress.
56
Acute Stress Disorder
A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms soon after a traumatic event but for less than a month.
57
PTSD
A disorder in which a person continues to experience fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event.
58
Rape
Forces sexual intercourse or another sexual act committed against a nonconsenting person or intercourse between an adult and an underage person.
59
Torture
The use of brutal, degrading, and disorienting strategies to reduce victims to a state of utter helplessness.
60
Eye Movement Desenitization And Reprocessing (EMDR)
An exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images and situations they ordinarily avoid.
61
Rap Groups
The initial term for group therapy sessions among veterans, in which members meet to talk about and explore problems in an atmosphere of mutual support.
62
Psychological Debriefing/Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
A form of crisis intervention in which victims are helped to talk about their feelings and reactions to traumatic incidents.
63
Dissociative Disorders
Disorders marked by major changes in memory that do not have clear physical causes.
64
Memory
The faculty for recalling past events and past learning.
65
Dissociative Amnesia
A disorder marked by an inability to recall important personal events and information.
66
Dissociative Fugue
A form of dissociative amnesia in which a person travels to a new location and may assume a new identity, simultaneously forgetting his or her past.
67
Dissociative Identity Disorder/Multiple Personality Disorder
A dissociative disorder in which a person develops two or more distinct personalities.
68
Subpersonalities/Alternate Personalities
The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with dissociative identity disorder.
69
State-Dependent Learning
Learning that becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred, so that it is best remembered under the same conditions.
70
Self-Hypnosis
The process of hypnotizing oneself, sometimes for the purpose of forgetting unpleasant events.
71
Hypnotic Therapy/Hypnotherapy
A treatment in which the patient undergoes hypnosis and is then guided to recall forgotten events or perform other therapeutic activities.
72
Fusion
The final merging of two or more subpersonalities in dissociative identity disorder.
73
Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder
A dissociative disorder marked by the presence of persitent and recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both.
74
Depression
A low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt, or related symptoms.
75
Mania
A state or episode of euphoria of frenzied activity in which people may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking.
76
Depressive Disorders
The group of disorders marked by unipolar depression.
77
Unipolar Depression
Depression without a history of mania.
78
Bipolar Disorder
A disorder marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression.
79
Major Depressive Disorder
A severe pattern of depression that is disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or a general medical condition.
80
Persistent Depressive Disorder
A chronic form of unipolar depression marked by ongoing and repeated symptoms of either major or mild depression.
81
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
A disorder marked by repeated episodes of significant depression and related symptoms during the week before menstruation.
82
Symbolic Loss/Imagined Loss
According to Freudian theory, the loss of a valued object (for example, a loss of employment) that is unconsciously interpreted as the loss of a loved one.
83
Anaclitic Depression
A pattern of depressed behavior found among vary young children that is caused by separation from one's mother.
84
Cognitive Triad
The three forms of negative thinking that Aaron Beck theorizes lead people to feel depressed. The triad consists of a negative view of one's experiences, oneself, and the future.
85
Automatic Thoughts
Numerous unpleasant thoughts that help to cause or maintain depression, anxiety, or other forms of psychological dysfunction.
86
Learned Helplessness
The perception, based on past experiences, that one has no control over one's reinforcements.
87
Bipolar I Disorder
A type of bipolar disorder marked by full manic and major depressive episodes.
88
Bipolar II Disorder
A type of bipolar disorder marked by mildly manic (hypomanic) episodes and major depressive episodes.
89
Cyclothymic Disorder
A disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms.
90
Cognitive Therapy
A therapy developed by Aaron Beck that helps people identify and change the maladaptive assumptions and ways of thinking that help cause their psychological disorders.
91
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
A treatment for unipolar depression that is based on the belief that clarifying and changing one's interpersonal problems helps lead to recovery.
92
Couple Therapy
A therapy format in which the therapist works with two people who share a long-term relationship.
93
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A treatment for depression in which electrodes attached to a patient's head send an electrical current through the brain, causing a convulsion.
94
MAO Inhibitor
An antidepressant drug that prevents the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase.
95
Tricyclic
An antidepressant drug such as imipramine that has three rings in its molecular structure.
96
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
A group of second-generation antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin activity specifically, without affecting other neurotransmitters.
97
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
A treatment procedure for depression in which an implanted pulse generator sends regular electrical signals to a person's vagus nerve; the nerve then stimulates the brain.
98
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
A treatment procedure for depression in which an electromagnetic coil, which is placed on or above a patient's head, sends a current into the individual's brain.
99
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
A treatment procedure for depression in which a pacemaker powers electrodes that have been implanted in Brodmann Area 25, thus stimulating that brain area.
100
Lithium
A metallic element that occurs in nature as a mineral salt and is an effective treatment for bipolar disorders.
101
Mood Stabilizing Drugs/Antibipolar Drugs
Psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the moods of people suffering from bipolar disorder.
102
Second Messengers
Chemical changes within a neuron just after the neuron receives a neurotransmitter message and just before it responds.

Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions