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Vascular I & Physics I > Ch. 1-4 Physics Test > Flashcards

Ch. 1-4 Physics Test Flashcards

1
Q

Concentrations of energy in a sound beam

A

intensity

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2
Q

Intensity units are

A

watts/squared

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3
Q

Intensity is determined by the

A

sound source

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4
Q

Relationship between intensity and power

A

directly proportional

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5
Q

If the amplitude is doubled, the intensity is increased by a factor of

A

4

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6
Q

If the amplitude is halved, the intensity is reduced by a factor of

A

1/4

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7
Q

Length or distance of a single cycle

A

wavelength

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8
Q

Wavelength units

A

length

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9
Q

Wavelength determined by

A

both medium and sound source

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10
Q

Wavelength equation

A

wavelength (mm)= (1.54mm/microsec)/(MHz)

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11
Q

In soft tissue, sound with a frequency of 1 MHz has a wavelength of

A

1.54mm

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12
Q

rate that sound travels through a medium

A

propagation speed

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13
Q

Propagation speed is also called

A

speed or velocity

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14
Q

Speed units

A

distance over time (m/sec)

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15
Q

Speed determined by

A

medium

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16
Q

General Rule: ____

A

gases, liquids, solids

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17
Q

Put the following in order from fastest to slowest: fat, lung, air, soft tissue, bone, tendon

A

bone, tendon, soft tissue, fat, lung, air

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18
Q

Related to weight

A

Density

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19
Q

Related to change in shape

A

stiffness

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20
Q

When stiffness increases, speed

A

increases

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21
Q

When stiffness decreases, speed

A

decreases

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22
Q

When density increases, speed

A

decreases

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23
Q

When density decreases, speed

A

increases

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24
Q

In-phase waves interfere

A

constructive waves

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25
Out-of phase waves interfere
deconstructive waves
26
A wave with a frequency of 15,000 MHz is ultrasonic. T/F
true
27
If the power of a wave is halved, the intensity is reduced to one-fourth its original value. T/F
false
28
The sonographer adjusts the output of the ultrasound system by increasing the amplitude by a factor of 3. What happens to the intensity
increased by a factor of 9
29
Collection of cycles that travel together
pulse
30
five parameters of pulsed ultrasound are
pulse duration, spatial pulse length, pulse repetition period, pulse repetition frequency, duty factor
31
time from the start of a pulse to the end of that SAME pulse
pulse duration
32
pulse duration is the
units of time that the pulse is ON
33
pulse duration is determined by the
sound source
34
time from the start of one pulse to the start of the NEXT pulse
pulse repetition period
35
PRP includes one
pulse duration time and one listening time
36
PRP is determined by the
sound source
37
As imaging depth increases, PRP
increases
38
As imaging depth decreases, PRP
decreases
39
number of pulses that occur in one second
pulse repetition frequency
40
PRF units
hertz
41
PRF determined by the
sound source
42
As imaging depth increases, PRF
decreases
43
As imaging depth decreases, PRF
increases
44
percentage or fraction of time that the system's probe is transmitting sound waves
duty factor
45
If the duty factor is 100% or 1.0, the the system is
ON (cw)
46
If the duty factor is 0%, then the machine is
off
47
CW sound can be used to make anatomical images. T/F
False
48
length or distance that a pulse occupies in space
Spatial pulse length
49
The distance from the start to the end of one pulse is
SPL
50
SPL units
distance and length
51
SPL determined by
both medium and sound source
52
determines axial resolution
SPL
53
SPL equation
SPL= # cycles x wavelength (mm)
54
By adjusting imaging depth, the operator changes the
duty factor, PRF, PRP
55
What two are characteristics of the pulse itself and are inherent in the design of the transducer system
pulse duration, SPL
56
A 5MHz probe uses a cw with a prop speed of 1.8km/sec. The probe then uses pulsed wave with a duty factor of 0.5. What is the new prop speed
1.8km/sec
57
How many hertz is 5MHz
5,000,000 hertz
58
How much bigger is a billion than a million
1000 (10^3)
59
If you have to divide an exponential number you will
subtract exponents
60
If you have to multiply an exponential number you will
add the exponents
61
Macro means
large
62
Micro means
small
63
Sound is comprised of
compressions and rarefactions
64
Compressions are regions of ____ pressure and density
increased
65
Rarefactions are regions of _____ pressure and density
decreased
66
The 3 acoustic variables are
pressure, density and distance
67
Time required to compete a single cycle
period
68
period units
time
69
period determined by
sound source
70
number of certain events that occur in a particular time duration
frequency
71
frequency units
hertz
72
frequency determined by
sound source
73
Can period be adjusted
no
74
Can frequency be adjusted
no
75
Period and frequency are
reciprocals, inversely related
76
As frequency increases, period
decreases
77
As frequency decreases, period
increases
78
>20,000Hz
ultrasound
79
between 20Hz and 20,000Hz
audible sound
80
<20Hz
infrasound
81
Describes the strength of a sound beam
amplitude, power, intensity
82
difference between the average value and the max value of an acoustic cariable
amplitude
83
amplitude units are
pressure, density, distance
84
amplitude is determined by the
sound source
85
amplitude ____ as it travels through the body
decreases
86
rate that work is performed, or the rate of energy transfer
power
87
power units
watts
88
power is determined by the
sound source
89
power is proportional to the wave's amplitude
squared

Vascular I & Physics I (19 decks)

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