CH 1-6

Question 1

The Definition of Biology

Answer 1

Biology is the study of life

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

Smallest unit of matter

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

More then one atom bound together

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

“little organ” a specialized cellular part

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

Smallest unit of life

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

Multiple cells working together to preform a function

Question 7

Organ

Answer 7

Multiple tissues working together to perform a function

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

A single living being

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

Multiple organisms of the same species living in a given area

Question 10

Communities

Answer 10

Several populations of different species living in the same area

Question 11

Ecosystem

Answer 11

All organisms and non-living matter in a given area

Question 12

Biosphere

Answer 12

All Ecosystems combined

Question 13

The Scientific Method

Answer 13

Question 14

_______ is anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 14

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 15

Matter is composed of ___________

Answer 15

Matter is composed of Chemical Elements

Question 16

Elements are substances that ______ be broken down into outher _____

Answer 16

Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into outher substances

Question 17

There are ___ naturally occurring elements on Earth

Answer 17

There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth

Question 18

___ elements are essential for life

Answer 18

25 elements are essential for life

Question 19

The main 4 elements that are essential for life are

Answer 19

Oxygen 65%

Carbon 18.5%

Hydrogen 9.5%

Nitrogen 3.3%

Question 20

Each element consist of ___ kind of atom

Answer 20

Each element consist of one kind of atom

Question 21

An ____ is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the poperties of an element

Answer 21

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the poperties of an element

Question 22

Atoms are composed of _____ _____

Answer 22

Atoms are composed of subatomic particles

Question 23

Protons are _____ charged and has _____

Answer 23

Protons are positively charged and has mass

Question 24

Electrons are _______ charged and has ______

Answer 24

Electrons are negatively charged and has no discernable mass

Question 25

Neutrons are ______ and has \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Neutrons are **electrically** **neutral** and has **mass**

Question 26

Elements Differ in the number of _______ particles in their atoms

Answer 26

Elements Differ in the number of **subatomic** particles in their atoms

Question 27

Atomic Number:

Answer 27

Atomic Number: **The number of protons, determining which element it is**

Question 28

Mass Number:

Answer 28

Mass Number: **The sum of both protons and neutrons**

Question 29

A covalent bond forms when \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

A covalent bond forms when **two atoms share outer-shell electrons**

Question 30

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form is **equal to the number of electrons needed to fill its outer shell**

Question 31

Electrons orbit atoms at specific distances called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 31

Electrons orbit atoms at specific distances called **electron shells**

Question 32

The first (inner) shell can hold up to __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

The first (inner) shell can hold up to **2 electrons**

Question 33

All subsequent (outer) shells can hold up to _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

All subsequent (outer) shells can hold up to **8 electrons**

Question 34

Atoms with incomplete outer electron shells are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (in an attempt to fill or satisfy their outer electron shell)

Answer 34

Atoms with incomplete outer electron shells are **reactive** (in an attempt to fill or satisfy their outer electron shell)

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ enable atoms to give up or acquire electrons to complete their outer shells.

Answer 36

**Chemical reactions** enable atoms to give up or acquire electrons to complete their outer shells.

Question 37

These reactions result in atoms joining together with other atoms, forming \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

These reactions result in atoms joining together with other atoms, forming **molecules**

Question 38

Atoms are held together in molecules by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 38

Atoms are held together in molecules by **chemical bonds**

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Cells constantly change molecules by ________________ and forming new ones.

Answer 40

Cells constantly change molecules by **breaking existing chemical bonds** and forming new ones.

Question 41

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 41

Chemical reactions do not create or destroy matter, they only rearrange it

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Water, which covers 75% of Earth’s surface and makes up between 70% and 95% of a cell’s volume, is a ________ that forms ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 43

Water, which covers 75% of Earth’s surface and makes up between 70% and 95% of a cell’s volume, is a **polar molecule** that forms **hydrogen bonds**.

Question 44

Polar molecules such as water are those in which \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

Polar molecules such as water are those in which **have a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other.**

Question 45

The polarity of water results in\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ between neighboring water molecules.

Answer 45

The polarity of water results in **electrical attractions** between neighboring water molecules.

Question 46

These attractions are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 46

These attractions are called hydrogen bonds

Question 47

Answer 47