Ch 1. 6, language of anatomy

Question 1

standard anatomical body position

Answer 1

body erect, feet slightly apart, arms at side, palms facing forward

Question 2

superior (cranial)

Answer 2

toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body, above

Question 3

inferior ( caudal)

Answer 3

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Question 4

ventral (anterior)

Answer 4

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Question 5

dorsal (posterior)

Answer 5

toward or at the back of the body; behind

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Question 7

lateral

Answer 7

away from the midline of the body; or the outer side of

Question 8

intermediate

Answer 8

between a more medial and lateral structure

Question 9

proximal

Answer 9

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 10

distal

Answer 10

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body part

Question 11

superficial (external)

Answer 11

toward or at the body surface

Question 12

deep (internal)

Answer 12

away from the body surface; more internal

Question 13

ipsilateral

Answer 13

body parts on the same side of the midline

Question 14

contralateral

Answer 14

body parts on opposite sides of the midline

Question 15

Two major divisions of the body

Answer 15

a. Axial- head, neck and trunk

b. Appendicular- limbs (arms and legs)

Question 16

frontal

Answer 16

forehead

Question 17

orbital

Answer 17

eye

Question 18

nasla

Answer 18

nose

Question 19

oral

Answer 19

mouth

Question 20

mental

Answer 20

chin

Question 21

cervical

Answer 21

the neck region

Question 22

thoracic

Answer 22

the chest

Question 23

sternal

Answer 23

the region of the breast bone

Question 24

axillary

Answer 24

the armpit

Question 25

mammary

Answer 25

the breast

Question 26

abdominal

Answer 26

the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

Question 27

umbilical

Answer 27

the navel

Question 28

pelvic

Answer 28

the pelvis region

Question 29

inguinal

Answer 29

groin

Question 30

pubic

Answer 30

the genital region

Question 31

acromial

Answer 31

round of shoulder

Question 32

brachial

Answer 32

the arm

Question 33

antecubital

Answer 33

the anterior surface of the elbow

Question 34

antebrachial

Answer 34

forearm

Question 35

carpal

Answer 35

wrist

Question 36

manus

Answer 36

hand

Question 37

pollex

Answer 37

big thumb

Question 38

palmar

Answer 38

palm

Question 39

digital

Answer 39

fingers or toes

Question 40

coxal

Answer 40

hip

Question 41

femoral

Answer 41

thigh

Question 42

patellar

Answer 42

anterior knee (knee cap)

Question 43

crural

Answer 43

leg

Question 44

fibular or peroneal

Answer 44

side of leg

Question 45

pedal

Answer 45

foot

Question 46

tarsal

Answer 46

ankle

Question 47

metatarsal

Answer 47

top of foot

Question 48

hallux

Answer 48

big toe

Question 49

plantar

Answer 49

bottom of foot

Question 50

calcaneal

Answer 50

heel

Question 51

sural

Answer 51

calf

Question 52

metacarpal

Answer 52

front of hand

Question 53

olecranal

Answer 53

back of elbow

Question 54

otic

Answer 54

back of ear

Question 55

occipital

Answer 55

back of head

Question 56

scapular

Answer 56

shoulder blade area

Question 57

vertebral

Answer 57

area of the spinal cord

Question 58

lumbar

Answer 58

back between ribs and hips

Question 59

sacral

Answer 59

area between hips

Question 60

gluteal

Answer 60

butt

Question 61

perineal

Answer 61

between anus and external genitalia

Question 62

sagittal plane

Answer 62

vertical cut into left and right parts

Question 63

midsagittal (median) plane

Answer 63

cut into right and left halves

Question 64

parasagittal plane

Answer 64

not on midline

Question 65

frontal plane (coronal)

Answer 65

vertical cut into anterior and posterior parts

Question 66

transverse planes (horizontal) (cross section)

Answer 66

horizontal cut into superior and inferior parts

Question 67

oblique section

Answer 67

diagonal cut

Question 68

longitudinal sections

Answer 68

made by a cut along the long axis of a structure could be frontal or median

Question 69

anatomical variability

Answer 69

over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions but; a, nerves and blood vessels ma be out of place b, small muscles may be missing

Question 70

dorsal cavity

Answer 70

protects nervous systems Cranial cavity: encloses brain Vertebral cavity: encloses spinal cord

Question 71

ventral cavity

Answer 71

protects thoracic and abdominal organs (viscera) | 2 subdivisions-separated by diaphragm

Question 72

thoracic cavity

Answer 72

``` 3 subdivisions 2 pleural cavities-each house a lung Mediastinum: superior portion- surrounds esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels pericardial cavity- encloses heart ```

Question 73

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 73

``` subdivisions; not physically separate, lies in bony pelvis abdominal cavity(superior)- stomach, spleen, intestines and liver pelvic cavity(inferior)- urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum ```

Question 74

membranes in ventral body cavity

Answer 74

``` serous membrane (serosa)-outer wall thin double layered membrane separated by serous fluid parietal serosa lines internal body walls visceral serosa covers the internal organs --serous fluid allows body organs to move without friction ```

Question 75

abdominopelvic regions and quadrants

Answer 75

pics

Question 76

oral and digestive cavities

Answer 76

teeth and tongue

Question 77

nasal cavity

Answer 77

respiratory, posterior nose

Question 78

orbital cavities

Answer 78

eye sockets

Question 79

middle ear cavities

Answer 79

location of ossicles- medial to eardrums

Question 80

synovial cavities

Answer 80

joint cavities eg. knee, elbow