Ch-1: Classification Flashcards
Define:
Species
A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring. It is also the smallest natural group of organisms
Explain the meaning of the term binomial system, with an example
The binomial system is an internationally agreed system of naming organisms. The binomial system has 2 parts - a genus name and a species name. Every organism has a genus and species name.
Ex: Panthera tigris. The genus name, which is ‘Panthera’ here, always starts with a capital letter, while the species name, which is ‘tigris’ here, always starts with a lowercase letter. The names should be italcised or underlined.
What does arthopods mean and what are their main characteristics?
The name ‘arthopod’ means ‘jointed limbs’. The main characteristics are:
* They have a hard, firm external skeleton, called a cuticle
* Their bodies are segmented, and between the segments, there are flexible joints, which allow movement
* The segments are grouped together to form three different regions; head, thorax & abdomen
State the four classes of arthopods
- Insects
- Arachnids
- Crustaceans
- Myriapods
State the five classes of vertebrates
- Fish
- Amphibian
- Reptile
- Mammal
- Bird
What are the main characteristics of Insects along with examples?
- examples: wasp, dragonfly
- body divided into head, thorax & abdomen
- 3 pairs of legs
- Usually have 2 pairs of wings
- 1 pair of compound eyes
- 1 pair of antennae
What are the main characteristics of Arachnids along with examples?
- examples: mite, spider
- body divided into cephalothorax & abdomen
- 4 pairs of legs
- 1 pair of pedipalps for biting and poisoning prey
- several pairs of simple eyes
- No antennae
What are the main characteristics of Crustaceans along with examples?
- examples: crab, woodlouse
- body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen
- 5 or more pairs of limbs
- exoskeleton often forms a hard covering over most of the body
- 1 pair of compound eyes
- 2 pairs of antennae
What are the main characteristics of Myriapods along with examples?
- examples: centipede, millipede
- body obviously not divided into thorax and abdomen
- 10 or more pairs of limbs
- No wings
- simple eyes
- 1 pair of antennae
What are the main characteristics of Fish along with examples?
- examples: trout, rohu, sharks
- scales
- fins (also used for balance)
- produce jelly covered eggs in water
- Eyes; No ears;lateral line along body for detecting vibrations in water
- cold-blooded;gills for breathing
What are the main characteristics of Amphibians along with examples?
- examples: frog, toad, newt
- moist skin
- 4 limbs, back feet are often webbed to make swimming more efficient
- produce jelly-covered eggs in water
- eyes; ears
- cold-blooded; lungs and skin for breathing
What are the main characteristics of Reptile along with examples?
- example: lizard, snake
- dry skin with scales
- 4 legs(apart from snakes
- produce eggs with rubbery, water-proof shell; laid on land
- eyes; ears
- cold-blooded; lungs for breathing
What are the main characteristics of Birds along with examples?
- example: pigeon, sparrow
- feathers, with scales on legs
- 2 wings and two legs
- produce eggs with a hard shell; laid on land
- eyes; ears
- warm-blooded, lungs for breathing; beaks
What are the main characteristics of mammals along with examples?
- example: moose, striped hyena
- Fur
- 4 limbs
- produce live young
- eyes; ears with a pinna (external flap)
- warm-blooded; lungs for breathing; females have mammary glands to produce milk to feed young; 4 types of teeth
