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Biology > Ch-2: Cells > Flashcards

Ch-2: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

Cell

A

A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consists of a cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane

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2
Q

Define:

Tissue

A

A tissue is a group of cells having similar structures, specialized to perform specific functions

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3
Q

Define:

Organ

A

An organ is a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit, specialized to perform a particular function

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4
Q

Define:

Organ system

A

An organ system is a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform 1 or more body functions

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5
Q

Define and give example:

Organism

A

An organism is a form of life composed of mututally interdependant parts that maintain various vital processes. Ex: Animal, plants and bacterium

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6
Q

Describe:

Root hair cells

A

Root hair cells are specialised to take up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. They also contain many mitochondria which release energy from glucose by repsiration

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7
Q

Describe and name the main 3 parts of the sperm cell

A
  • The head: It contains the nucleus, which holds the DNA of the cell
  • Mid piece: packed with mitochondria
  • The tail: Helps transport the sperm within the female reproductive tract
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8
Q

What are the 7 properties of a living organism

A
  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
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9
Q

Define:

Mitochondria

A

mitochondria is circular oval or slipper shaped organelles inside the cytoplasm that is responsible for anaerobic respiration

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10
Q

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cell has cell wall and animal cells dont

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11
Q

What is an example of how plants respond to sensitivity?

A

One example of how plants respond to sensitivity is the ‘touch me not plant’. It moves or closes whenever it is touched

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12
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue binds various parts of the body together, providing support and protection

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13
Q

What is the function of the epithelial tissue?

A

The epithelial tissue covers the internal and external surfaces of our body, lines body cavities and hollow organs

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14
Q

Describe cytoplasm, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • Jelly-like with particles and organelles
  • enclosed in a membrane
  • Contains the cell organelles and site of chemical reactions
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15
Q

Describe cell membrane, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • a partially permeable layer that forms a boundary around the cytoplasm
  • around the cytoplasm
  • prevents cell contents from escaping and controls what substances leave and enter the cell
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16
Q

Describe nucleus, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • A circular or oval structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes
  • inside the cytoplasm
  • controls cell division, cell development and cell activities
17
Q

Describe mitochondria, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • Circular, oval or slipper-shaped organelles
  • inside cytoplasm
  • responsible for aerobic respiration
18
Q

Describe ribosomes, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • Small, circular structures attached to membranes or lying free
  • inside cytoplasm
  • protein synthesis
19
Q

Describe cell walls, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • a tough, non living layer made of cellulose surrounding the cell membrane
  • around the outside of plant cells
  • prevents plant cells from bursting and allows water and salts to pass through (freely permeable)
20
Q

Describe vacuoles, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • A fluid-filled space surrounded by a membrane
  • inside cytoplasm of plant cells
  • contains salts and sugars and helps to keep plant cells firm
21
Q

Describe chloroplast, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A

An organelle containing chlorophyll
* inside cytoplasm of plant cells
* traps light energy for photosynthesis

22
Q

Describe plasmids, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • small, circular pieces of DNA
  • inside cytoplasm
  • contain genes that carry genetic information to help survival and reproduction of bacterium
23
Q

Describe circular DNA, where is it found? What is it’s function?

A
  • a single circular chromosome
  • inside cytoplasm
  • controls cell division, cell development and cell activities

Biology (6 decks)

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