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Bio 30 > Ch 1- Endocrine system (hormones) > Flashcards

Ch 1- Endocrine system (hormones) Flashcards

(61 cards)

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0
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

It is your bodies attempt to adjust to the environment. -> balance in your body.

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1
Q

What temp, blood glucose % v and pH values dose the body best work at?

A

37* , 0.1% , and 7.35

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2
Q

Nervous system enables the body to______

While the endocrine system is designed to_____

A

Adjust quickly to changes in the environment.

Maintain control over long durations (slow).

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3
Q

What are Hormones?

A

~made of protein
~regulate by speeding up or slowing down certain processes
~only a small amount is needed to alter a cell
~blood carries hormones

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4
Q

Non-target hormones

A

Affect many cells or tissues throughout the body.

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5
Q

Target hormones

A

Affect only certain cells or tissues.

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6
Q

What is an Endocrine gland?

A

They are glands that secrete their hormones into the blood stream. They are located throughout the body.

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7
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes, and Hypothalamus.

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8
Q

Pituitary

A

Middle of head (just under brain) ~master gland

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9
Q

Thyroid

A

Base of neck (butterfly)

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10
Q

Parathyroid

A

4 nodes on thyroid

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11
Q

Thymus

A

Above heart

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12
Q

Adrenal

A

On top of kidneys

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13
Q

Pancreas

A

Under stomach

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14
Q

Ovaries

A

Lower abdomen (gonads)

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15
Q

Testes

A

In the scrotum (gonads)

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Above pituitary

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17
Q

Endo.

Exo.

A

In.

Out.

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18
Q

What are Exocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete substances anywhere else other then the bloodstream.

  • sweat
  • saliva
  • pancreas (buffers) (is both exo. and endo.)
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19
Q

The pituitary

A

Also called - the master gland.
Has control over the other endocrine glands.
Size of a peanut.
Is connected to the hypothalamus near the base of the brain.
Produces and stores hormones.

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20
Q

The pituitary gland consists of two lobes

A

Anterior: secretes and produces certain hormones
and
posterior: secretes (release) but dose not produces certain hormones

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21
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A 
HGH
TSH
ACTH 
FSH
LD
prolactin
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22
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamus makes theses.

ADH
oxytocin

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23
Q

HGH

A

Human growth hormone. ( none target )

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24
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone -> metabolism
25
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone -> adrenalin
26
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone Girl =egg maturing Boy=sperm production
27
LH
Lutenizing hormone. Boys -testosterone girls -ovulation (gonadotropic)
28
Prolactin
Produce milk (gonadotropic)
29
ADH
Anti diuretic hormone (keep water)
30
Oxytocin
Release milk. -> uterin contractions
31
Induce labor
1. Natural - the tramp 2. The drip 3. Gell on cervix 4. Break the water
32
Growth hormone, is a produced by________and promotes the_________
Anterior pituitary, and elongation of the skeleton
33
Hypersecretion
~When too much HGH is released Gigantism - bone plates not fused Acromegaly - bone plates fused
34
Hyposecretion
When too little HGH is released (low amount of HGH) 1 frolichs- the proportion are not right 2 primordial- like a doll
35
Thyroid gland
- Located in the base of the neck - Looks like a butterfly - It's responsible for production and release of thyroxine and calcitonin
36
Thyroxin
Increases metabolic rate. 60% is heat 40% is converted to energy. TSH from pituitary stimulates the thyroid witch then release thyroxin into the blood.
37
Calcitonin
Calcium-in (cell) Regulates amount of calcium in blood. Let's calcium into cell, decreasing amount of blood in calcium.
38
Thyroid Disorders
Goitre Caused by lack of iodine in diet. So low thyroxine = high TSH = swollen overstimulated thyroid = goitre
39
The Adrenal glands are made of......?
Two smaller glands, Inner-adrenal medulla Outer- adrenal cortex
40
Adrenal medulla
Produces epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin)
41
Epinephrine
(adrenalin) | increases heart respiratory rate
42
Norepinephrine
(Noradrenalin) ---neurotransmitter [speeds up nervous system]
43
Adrenal cortex
Cortisol and aldosterone
44
Cortisol
Eventually increases blood glucose allowing for cell recovery and Tissue repair.
45
Aldosterone
-increases sodium retention in the kidney tubules -causing water to follow staying in the body (H20 retention)
46
F (felp)
FSH -matures follicles | -from pituitary
47
E (felp)
Estrogen- from maturing follicle | - BUILDS ENDOMETRIUM
48
L (felp)
LH- from pituitary | - causes ovulation
49
P (felp)
Progesterone- from corpusluteum (old follicles) | -keep endometrium there
50
Parathyroid releases a hormone called
(PTH) parathyroid hormone. It inhibits calcitonin Blood calcium increasing
51
Pancreas
``` Both endo and exo Producing buffers (digestive tract and hormones that regulate blood sugars) ```
52
The islets of langerhans are...
Cells in pancreas | That produce - insulin and glucagon
53
Insulin
In-cell-in : decreases blood sugar Muscles and liver become more permeable to glucose Letting sugar into cells Help maintain homeostasis
54
Glucagon
Glucos-be-gone : increase blood sugar Causes liver to release glucose Help maintain homeostasis
55
Diabetes
No cure Affects 2 million Canadians Caused by inability to produce insulin If left untreated - blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, limb amputation and maybe death
56
Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia
:high blood sugar :low blood sugar
57
Type 1 diabetes
when pancreas cannot make insulin | Have to take insulin to live
58
Type 2 diabetes
Decreased insulin production Or ineffective use. Can be controlled with diet (exercise and some drugs)
59
Gestational diabetes
Temporary diabetes | Happens in 3% of woman
60
Testosterone
Stimulates spermatogenesis | Beginning of sperm production

Bio 30 (8 decks)

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