Ch. 1 Female Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

In adults, the pelvic skeleton is composed of which bones?

Answer 1

Sacrum, coccyx, two innominate bones ( os coxae )

Question 2

The innominate bones consist of the…

Answer 2

Fused ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 3

What divides the pelvic cavity into two regions?

Answer 3

Linea terminalis

Question 4

Which pelvis is located above the linea terminalis?

Answer 4

False or greater pelvis

Question 5

In a nongravid patient, where are the uterus, ovaries, and adnexa situated?

Answer 5

In the true pelvis

Question 6

Type of ligament that connects pelvic bones together

Answer 6

Osseous ligament

Question 7

Type of ligament that supports the uterus and ovaries

Answer 7

Suspensory ligament

Question 8

A suspensory ligament that connects the uterus at the level of the cervix to provide support for the uterus and cervix

Answer 8

Cardinal (lateral cervical)

Question 9

A type of suspensory ligament that extends from the lateral aspects of the uterus and attach to the lateral pelvic side wall

Answer 9

Broad ligament

Question 10

Suspensory ligament that attaches the uterine cornu to the anterior pelvic wall, grows with pregnancy

Answer 10

Round ligament 

Question 11

Suspensory ligament that attaches the ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament on each side

Answer 11

Mesovarium ligament

Question 12

When are pelvic ligaments typically seen on ultrasound ?

Answer 12

In the presence of ascites 

Question 13

Muscle responsible for the refraction or ghosting artifact that is occasionally seen while imaging the midline pelvis in a transverse plane

Answer 13

Rectus abdominis muscle

Question 14

Which muscle is most likely to be mistaken for an ovary on ultrasound?

Answer 14

Iliopsoas muscle

Question 15

Which two muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm or the pelvic floor?

Answer 15

Coccygeus and levator ani muscles

Question 16

Where do the ureters insert the bladder? 

Answer 16

At the trigone. Inferior posterior portion. 

Question 17

Typical length of the vagina is 

Answer 17

7-10 cm

Question 18

Mucosal folds within the bladder are called

Answer 18

Rugae 

Question 19

List the vaginal fornices 

Answer 19

Anterior fornix, posterior fornix, two lateral fornices 

Question 20

Which vaginal fornix is a frequent site for fluid collections due to gravity dependence

Answer 20

Posterior fornix

Question 21

When is a bladder considered adequately full for a trans abdominal pelvic ultrasound

Answer 21

When the dome or superior portion of the bladder extends above the uterine fundus

Question 22

What is the name for the main portion of the uterus

Answer 22

Body or corpus

Question 23

Which portion of the uterus grows at the most rapid rate during pregnancy

Answer 23

The Isthmus 

Question 24

What portion of the uterus provides an alkaline secretion favorable for sperm penetration

Answer 24

The cervix

Question 25

What layer of the uterus is the outer serosal layer

Answer 25

The Perimetrium 

Question 26

Portion of the uterus that is composed of three layers of smooth muscle that contract during childbirth

Answer 26

Myometrium

Question 27

Inner mucus layer of the uterus

Answer 27

Endometrium

Question 28

Forward placement of the uterus at the cervix forming a 90° angle with the vagina

Answer 28

Anteverted uterus

Question 29

Tilting backward of the uterus at the cervix or oriented more linearly in relationship to the vagina

Answer 29

Retroverted uterus

Question 30

Bending forward of the uterus at the body

Answer 30

Anteflexed uterus

Question 31

Bending backwards of the uterus at the body

Answer 31

Retroflexed uterus

Question 32

What is the most common uterine position

Answer 32

Anteverted and anteflexed 

Question 33

The outer functional layer of the ovary

Answer 33

Ovarian cortex

Question 34

The inner ovary which contains blood vessels and connective tissue

Answer 34

Ovarian medulla

Question 35

Portion of the ovary through which channel the ovarian vessels and nerves, it is situated on the anterior surface of each ovary

Answer 35

Ovarian Hilum 

Question 36

Typical length of the Oviducts 

Answer 36

7 to 14 cm

Question 37

Portion of the fallopian tube that is narrow and relatively straight, located within the uterine wall

Answer 37

Interstitial/intramural

Question 38

Medial portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus 

Answer 38

Isthmus 

Question 39

The longest portion of the fallopian tube which curves around the ovary; is thin walled distendable, normal sight of fertilization

Answer 39

Ampulla

Question 40

The outer trumpet shaped end of the fallopian tube

Answer 40

Infundibulum

Question 41

Numerous finger like projections which maintain a close relationship between the fallopian tube and ovary

Answer 41

Fimbriae 

Question 42

A peritoneal recess that is located between the pubic bone and the anterior urinary bladder wall

Answer 42

Space of Retzius aka retropubic or prevesical space

Question 43

Peritoneal Recess that is located anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder

Answer 43

Vesicouterine space aka anterior cul de sac

Question 44

Peritoneal recess that is located posterior to the uterine cervix and anterior to the rectum. The most dependent recess in the body and therefore the most common site for free peritoneal fluid to collect

Answer 44

Recto uterine space a.k.a. posterior cul-de-sac a.k.a. pouch of Douglas

Question 45

Another term for internal iliac

Answer 45

Hypogastric artery

Question 46

Where does the left gonadal vein empty into

Answer 46

The left renal vein

Question 47

Dilated tortuous veins equal greater than 

Answer 47

Greater than 4 to 5 mm

Question 48

Dilated tortuous veins near the uterus and or in the adnexa may be associated with

Answer 48

Pelvic congestion syndrome 

Question 49

Describe the Doppler flow characteristics in a non-gravid patient of the uterine artery

Answer 49

Moderate to high velocity/high resistance flow. Higher resistance flow and proliferative phase than in secretory phase

Question 50

Describe the blood flow in ovarian arteries during the follicular phase

Answer 50

Low velocity and high resistance