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OB GYN REGISTRY > Ch. 17 The Placenta and Umbilical Cord > Flashcards

Ch. 17 The Placenta and Umbilical Cord Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

which side of the placenta is rough and irregular in nature

A

The maternal surface

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2
Q

The fetal surface of the placenta is smooth and covered by which membranes

A

chorionic and amniotic

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3
Q

List functions of the placenta

A

Secretion of progesterone
secretion of hCG
exchange of oxygen, waste products and nutrients between the fetus and mother

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4
Q

What is the fetal side of the placenta called

A

Decidua frondosum

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5
Q

What is the maternal side of the placenta called

A

Decidua basalis

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6
Q

Each functional unit of the placenta is known as a

A

Cotyledon (12-20 per placenta)

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7
Q

Describe the placental grades

A

Grade 0 - up to aprox 28-31 weeks, no calcs, smooth chorionic surface

Grade 1 - up to aprox 31-36 weeks, scattered calcs, slight contouring of chorionic surface

Grade 2 - up to aprox 36-38 weeks, basal layer calcs

Grade 3 - 38+ weeks, basal calcs, interlobar septal calcs (cotyledon formations), infarcts

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8
Q

Type of placenta that is characterized by a small central chorionic ring surrounded by thickened amnion and chorion. May predispose to abruption, ante bleeding, threatened ab

A

Circumvallate placenta

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9
Q

Type of placenta with a central attachment of the membrane without a central ring

A

Circummarginate placenta

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10
Q

An accessory lobe with vascular connections to the main placenta

A

Succenturiate placenta

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11
Q

Placenta divided into two lobes but united by primary vessels and membranes

A

Bilobed/ bipartite placenta

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12
Q

A ring shaped placenta

A

Annular placenta

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13
Q

Placenta thickness is usually less than

A

5 cm AP

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14
Q

List some causes of an increased placental thickness

A

GDM
maternal infection
chorioangioma
multiple gestation
maternal anemia
hydrops fetalis
sacrococcygeal teratoma
partial mole
chromosomal abnormalities
abruption (appears thick due to retroplacental clot)

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15
Q

List causes of a decreased placental thickness

A

Preeclampsia
IUGR
PGDM
Intrauterine infection
Poly (it appears thinner)

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16
Q

What measurement is considered a decreased placental thickness

A

<1.5 cm

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17
Q

List causes that may predispose a patient to placenta previa

A

Multiparous women
previous C-section
myomectomy
Multiple D&C causing uterine scarring

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18
Q

Most common symptom of placenta previa

A

Painless vaginal bleeding

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19
Q

Not a type of previa in which the placenta is within 2 cm from the internal os

A

Low lying placenta

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20
Q

Premature separation of all or part of a normally implanted placenta from the myometrium

A

Placental abruption

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21
Q

List predisposing conditions or factors of placental abruption

Study These Flashcards
A

Maternal hypertension
AMA
mulitparity
maternal vascular disease
cigarette smoking
trauma
cocaine use
leiomyomas

22
Q

Symptoms of placental abruption

Study These Flashcards
A

ABD PAIN with or without BLEEDING

23
Q

What are the two types of placental abruption?
Describe each

Study These Flashcards
A

Concealed - hemorrhage is confined to the uterine cavity, detachment may be complete and consequences are severe, may be seen on US

External - blood drains through the cervical os. can be difficult to see on US if there is no more blood in retroplacental space

24
Q

Sono finds of placental abruption

Study These Flashcards
A

evaluation of the plac from the uterine wall
retroplacental fluid collection of varying echogenicity (depending on age)
normal or thickened appearing plac

25
Chorionic villi penetrate/perforate the myometrium
Placenta percreta
26
Chorionic villi are in direct contact with the myometrium but do NOT invade
Placenta accreta
27
Chorionic villi invade the myometrium
Placenta increta
28
Sono finds of placenta accreta/percreta/increta
loss of normal hypoechoic retroplacental clear zone excessive lacunae hypervascularity
29
What are placental lakes
pools of maternal venous blood within the placenta
30
Pooling of maternal blood in the subchorionic space
Fibrin deposition
31
Caused by fetal bleeding into the intervillous space with an increased incidence with associated Rh incompatibility
Intervillous thrombosis
32
T or F, placental infarcts will demonstrate color flow with both color and power doppler
F, infarcts will have NO blood flow
33
An accumulation of blood beneath the chorion
Subchorionic hematoma aka submembranous hematoma
34
Vascular tumor of the placental tissue that is rare
Chorioangioma
35
Large chorioangiomas (>5cm) may cause complications such as
Poly, fetal hydrops, it is associated with increased MS-AFP
36
Sono finds of chorioangiomas
Solid well circumscribed plac mass, possibly near PCI
37
What surrounds the umbilical cord
Whartons jelly and amnion
38
The most commonly encountered umbilical cord abnormality
Two vessel cord aka bivascular cord - can be caused by primary agenesis or atrophy
39
Anomalies associated with 2VC
GU anomalies trisomy 13 and 18 cardiovascular anomalies (why Dr Bruner orders echo) CNS anomalies omphalocele
40
Type of umbilical cord cyst that is a remnant of a duct and is located away from the fetus
Allantoic duct cyst
41
An umbilical cord cyst that is located close to the fetus and contains remnants of GI tissue
omphalomesenteric duct cyst
42
Emergent situation in which the umbilical cord protrudes through the cervix or adj to fetal presenting part
Cord prolapse
43
Fetal vessels crossing the cervical internal os, passing between the cx and presenting part with the membranes intact
vasa previa
44
Vasa previa is commonly associated with what placental anomaly
Velamentous insertion
45
Umbilical vein thrombosis may occur in what cases
after intrauterine transfusion during fetal blood sampling diabetic mothers non-immune hydrops
46
Sono finds of umbilical vein thrombosis
increased echogenicity in the lumen of umbilical vessels absence of color and spectral doppler
47
True umbilical cord knots are rare, they occur mostly in what cases
Mono mono twins
48
Attachment of the cord at the periphery of the placenta, the cord enters directly into the edge of the plac
Marginal / Battledore insertion
49
Attachment of the cord to the membranes rather than to the placental mass.
Velamentous cord insertion
50
Velamentous cord insertions may be associated with what fetal complications
IUGR preterm birth congenital anomalies

OB GYN REGISTRY (19 decks)

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