Ch. 1 History Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Soranus
A
Greek physician
2nd century
Father of obstetrics
2
Q
Podalic version
- what is it
- who discovered it
A
rotating the fetus to a breech position, used for twins
-Soranus
3
Q
Karl Crede
A
19th century
instilling 2% silver nitrate into eyes to prevent blindness from gonorrhea
4
Q
Ignaz Semmelweis
A
19th century
deduced that puerperal fever was septic, contagious and transmitted by poor hand hygeine
5
Q
Lois Pasteur
A
French chemist
confirmed that puerperal fever is caused by bacteria
6
Q
Joseph Lister
A
british surgeon
introduced antiseptic surgery
7
Q
Hippocrates
A
wrote about illnesses peculiar to children
8
Q
In the middle ages when did children become adults
A
age 7
9
Q
Saint Vincent de Paul
A
founded children’s asylums that later became hospitals
10
Q
First children’s hospital
A
Paris 1802
11
Q
Children’s Aid Society
A
NYC 1853
cared for homeless children
12
Q
First Pediatric hospital in united states
A
1855 Children’s hospital of Philadelphia
13
Q
Abraham Jacobi
A
Father of pediatrics
14
Q
Samuel Bard
A
1807
Wrote the first american textbook for midwives
15
Q
Oliver Wendell Holmes
A
wrote a paper on contagious nature of puerperal fever
16
Q
American Nurses Association
A
develop standards of practice
17
Q
Sheppard-Towner Act of 1912
A
1921
gives funds for state-managed maternity care
18
Q
Title V of the social security act
A
1935
gives funds for maternity care
19
Q
Fair labor standards act
A
1938
child labor laws
20
Q
National institutes of Health (NIH)
A
1962
established support for maternity research and education
21
Q
Head start programs where started when?
A
1966
22
Q
WIC program was started
A
1966
23
Q
National center for family planning was started
A
1970
24
Q
The child abuse prevention and treatment act (CAPTA) was started when
A
1974
25
Education for all handicapped children act
1975
| gives support and public education to handicapped children
26
Title V amendment of the public health services act
1981
| established maternal-infant care centers in public clinics
27
What was founded in 1982
Community mental health center and missing children's act
28
Family and medical leave act of 1993 (FMLA)
allows for 12 weeks unpaid leave to care for newborns or sick family members without losing benefits or pay status
29
Title XIX of the medicaid program
1993
| increased access to care by indigent women
30
when was HIPPA established
2003
31
health information technology for economic and clinical health act (HITECH)
2009
| extends on Hippa to include electronic health records
32
Patient protection and affordable care act
2010
| expanded health care coverage to millions of americans
33
American health care act (AHCA)
2017
| executive order made it replace ACA
34
Lillian Wald
1912
- nurse who established federal children's bureau
- founded henry street settlement that brought home health to poor children
35
What did the children's bureau do
focused on infant mortality
led to birth registration
developed hot lunch programs in schools
36
what does the children's bureau fall under
the department of health and human services
37
Theodore Roosevelt
called the first conference on children and youth in 1909
38
President hoover
1930
| helped write the children's charter
39
President Clinton and George W Bush
focused on early childhood development, missing and exploited children and school safety
40
International Year of the child
1979
| focus attention on critical needs of children world wide
41
What does the department of public health do
- inspects water, milk and food
- enforces proper sewage and garbage disposal
- investigates and handles epidemics
- inspects housing
- offers services like WIC to mothers and babies
42
What situations are reportable
- illness that pose a threat to the public
- -food-borne, TB, STD
- suspected child abuse
- suicidal behavior
43
Cost containment
efficient and effective use of resources
44
How long can someone stay in hospital following vaginal birth? Cesarean?
48 hr
| 4 days
45
when should the follow up be for newborn
within 2 weeks
46
First school of nurse-midwifery
NYC 1932
47
Certified nurse-midwife (CNM)
RN who graduated from midwife progam and is nationally certified with american college of nurse-midwives
48
what is the job of a CNM
provide prenatal and postnatal care and attend uncomplicated deliveries.
ensure there is a backup physician in case of problems
49
Genomics
the study of genes with focus on how they interact with each other and the enviorment
50
Gene Augmentation
therapeutic or missing gene is combined with a virus that can enter the infant's system
51
Gene replacement therapy
New genes are combined with viruses that can enter the genome
52
Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
medicare system that determines payment for hospital stay based on diagnosis
53
Managed care
combines financing with health care for members
use a monthly capitation fee
has contracts with hospitals to give healthcare with reviews for cost
54
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
health services with fixed premium
55
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
contracts with providers for discounted fee-for-service basis for members
56
Utilization review
checks if health care services are appropriate and give guidelines for treatment to achieve better cost
57
What should you do if you think the child's best interest are not being met
take the problem to the multidisciplinary team
| document your efforts and directions given
58
Mainstream
the process of integrating a disabled child into society
59
Full inclusion
expansion of the mainstream policy
60
Who should be included in advance directives for children
family, medical team, the child if they are older
61
what do clinical nurse specialist (CNS) do
- work in hospitals or community for patients needing specialized care
- conduct primary research
- facilitate necessary changes in health care management
62
Advance practice nurses
- PNP and CNS
| - RN with advance degree
63
What is the nursing process
1. Assessment: collect data
2. Diagnosis: examine data and identify nursing needs
3. Planning: design plan of care
4: outcomes identification: figure out expected pt outcome
5. implementation: carrying out the plan
6. evaluation: check progress and redesign plan if needed
64
Nursing care plan
picture of typical clinical situation that may be seen by nurse
65
Collection
collecting data on patient to solve mystery or problem
66
Nursing diagnosis
identify problems and prioritize them
67
Clinical pathways
collaborative guidelines that define multidisciplinary care in terms of outcomes on a timeline
68
variances
deviations from the recovery goals
69
birth rate
number of live births per 1000
70
fertility rate
number of births per 1000 women age 15 to 44
71
fetal mortality rate
number of fetal deaths (fetuses weighing 500 g or more) per 1000 live births
72
infant mortality rate
number of deaths in infant under 1 yo per 1000 live births
73
maternal mortality rate
number of deaths per 1000 directly resulting from pregnancy (including 42-days after birth)
74
neonatal mortality rate
number of deaths in infants less than 28 days per 1000
75
perinatal mortality rate
both fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000
76
SBAR
- Situation: status of pt
- Background: history that may influence care
- Assessment: analysis of problem
- Recommendation: current need and outcome goals
77
Quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN)
2005
| assures that all nurses have knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) needed
78
Six competencies of QSEN
1. client-centered care
2. teamwork and collaboration
3. evidence-based practice
4. quality improvement
5. safety
6. informatics
79
How many prenatal visits should a normal pregnant woman have
13
80
Global nursing caucus (GNC)
2011
| group of US nurses that share info on global health to improve care around the world
81
ABCDEs
```
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
```
82
DEF
Distress
Emotional support
Family
83
Margaret Sanger
Public health nurse who opened access to care for poor pregnant women
84
Who is included in the home health team for disabled children
- pediatrician
- RN and LPN
- Occupational, physical and respiratory therapist
- speech therapist
- home teachers
- social workers
- home health aides
85
Gestational programming
during pregnancy nutrition, hormones and in utero environment alter the physiology and gene expression in offspring
86
Prenatal iodine supplementation
eliminated cretinism
87
Prenatal supplementation of folic acid
reduces neural tube defects like spina bifida
88
What increases risk for cardiac diseases and hypertension in adulthood
low birth weight with rapid growth in childhood
89
what increases risk of stroke in adulthood
low birth weight that continues through childhood
90
corticosteriods
prevent premature labor but, increase risk of cardiovascular and renal problems in adulthood and negatively effect learning, cognitive development and emotional development and behavior in older child
91
High ingestion of licorice
verbal disability and personality problems as adult
92
Antibiotics during pregnancy or C-section
obesity as adult because it alters normal microbiota in gut
93
what leads to adult-onset cardiovascular disease in offspring, how can it be avoided
poor insulin sensitivity and obesity in pregnancy
| exercise and diet
