Ch 1 Intro to Immune System

Question 1

Edward Jenner

Answer 1

1700s, Smallpox vaccine from Cowpox

Question 2

Dr. Louis Pasteur

Answer 2

1800s, Father of immunology, vaccines

Question 3

Attenuation

Answer 3

Change, make pathogen less virulent through heat, ageing, or chemical means

Question 4

Humoral Immunity

Answer 4

noncellular portions of blood (antibodies) neutralise toxins

Question 5

Opsonins

Answer 5

humoral/circulating factors, coats bacteria and neutralises charge to become more susceptible to phagocytosis

Question 6

Acute-phase reactants (APR)

Answer 6

serum factor (inflammation marker) that increases nonspecifically in any infection

Question 7

Marginating

Answer 7

50% of neutrophils in peripheral blood adhere to blood vessel walls, allows diapedesis

Question 8

Diapedesis

Answer 8

movement through blood vessel walls from circulating blood

Question 9

Chemotaxins

Answer 9

chemical messengers cause cells to migrate in particular direction for diapdesis

Question 10

Alveolar macrophages, Kupffer cells, microglial cells, histiocytes

Answer 10

lungs, liver macrophage, brain macrophage, connective tissue macrophage

Question 11

Macrophages

Answer 11

innate - phagocytosis/tumor/parasite, adaptive - present antigens to T cells

Question 12

Mast cells

Answer 12

Skin/connective tissues, increase vascular permeability and blood flow, induce and maintain allergy, antigen presenting cell (APC), conduit between innate and adaptive, resemble basophils

Question 13

Dendritic Cells

Answer 13

most potent phagocytic cell, most effective APC, captures antigen and travel to lymph node to present to T cell for adaptive immunity

Question 14

B Cells (humoral)

Answer 14

BM->secondary organs, possesses antibody receptors for specific antigens, IgM/IgD, CD19-21, 10-20% lymphocytes

Question 15

Plasma Cells

Answer 15

Most fully differentiated B lymph, antibody production, BM/germinal centers in peripheral lymphoid organs/not in blood, abundant cytoplasmic Ig/no surface Ig

Question 16

T cells

Answer 16

Produce cytokines to stimulate B cells, kill tumor/virus, regulate innate/adaptive response

Question 17

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 17

immune processes in which T cells have primary role (no antibodies)

Question 18

Helper T Cell (Th)

Answer 18

CD4, help B cell antibody production, adaptive

Question 19

Cytotoxic T Cell (Tc)

Answer 19

CD8, kill virally infected and tumor cells

Question 20

Regulatory T Cell (Treg)

Answer 20

CD4, control actions of other T cells

Question 21

Natural Killer Cell (Innate)

Answer 21

CD16/56, mature in BM, no antigen specific receptors/no myeloid and dendritic cell markers (Kill target cells with no former exposure)

Question 22

Secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 22

lymphopoiesis occurs here, most contact with foreign antigens,

Question 23

Thoracic duct

Answer 23

largest lymphatic vessel, empties to left subclavian vein

Question 24

Periartierior lymphoid sheath PALS (Spleen)

Answer 24

Part of white pulp surround central arteries, T cells presented with antigens from dendritic cells

Question 25

Primary follicles (Spleen/Lymph node)

Answer 25

contains B cells not yet stimulated by antigens, attached to PALS sheath

Question 26

Marginal Zone (Spleen)

Answer 26

contains dendritic cells that trap antigens, surrounds PALS

Question 27

Lymph nodes

Answer 27

central collecting point for lymph fluid (filtrate of blood)

Question 28

Outer Cortex (Lymph node)

Answer 28

outermost layer, contains macrophages and B cells in primary follicles

Question 29

Paracortex (Lymph node)

Answer 29

Mature/immature T cell area surrounding medulla

Question 30

Inner Medulla (Lymph node)

Answer 30

contains plasma cells, some T/B/macrophages

Question 31

Afferent Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 31

where lymphocytes and foreign antigens enter nodes

Question 32

Secondary Follicles/Germinal Center (Lymph)

Answer 32

consists of antigen-stimulated proliferating B cells/interior of secondary follicle (B cell transformation)

Question 33

Memory cells (Lymph)

Answer 33

ability for immune system to react quicker to past foreign antigens (develops into plasma cells), dormant B cell in germinal center