Ch 1 Introduction

Question 1

What is a test engineer?

Answer 1

IT proffesional in charge of one or more technical test activities, including designing test inputs, producing test case values, running test scripts, analyzing results, and reporting results

Question 2

What is a test manager?

Answer 2

They are in charge of one or more Test Engineers

Question 3

What are the two benefits of formal coverage criteria?

Answer 3

• give test engineers ways to decide what test inputs to use during testing, making it more likely that the tester will find problems in the program
• provide stopping rules for the test engineers

Question 4

What is Acceptance Testing?

Answer 4

Determine whether the completed software meets these customer needs and requirements.

Question 5

What is System Testing?

Answer 5

Assumes inidividual components work, and test to see if system as a whole meets specifications.

Question 6

What is Integration Testing?

Answer 6

Assess whether the interfaces between modules in a given subsystem have consistent assumptions and communicate correctly

Question 7

What is Module Testing?

Answer 7

Assess individual modules in isolation, including how the component units interact with each other and their associated data structures.

Question 8

What is Unit Testing?

Answer 8

Assess the units produced by the implementation phase and is the �lowest� level of testing.

Question 9

What is the purpose of Requirements Analysis Phase?

Answer 9

To capture customer needs.

Question 10

What is the purpose of Architectural Design Phase?

Answer 10

To choose components and connectors that create a system that meet the requirements identified in Requirements Analysis

Question 11

What is the purpose of Subsystem Design Phase?

Answer 11

Specifies the structure and behavior of subsystems that make up the architecture.

Question 12

What is the purpose of Detailed Design Phase?

Answer 12

determines the structure and behavior of individual modules.

Question 13

What types of testing pairs best with each of the software development phases?

Answer 13

• Requirements > Acceptance Test
• Architectural > System Test
• Subsystem Design > Integration Test
• Detailed Design > Module Test
• Implementation > Unit Test

Question 14

What is Regression Testing?

Answer 14

Ensuring that the updated software still possesses the functionality it had before the updates

Question 15

When is Regression Testing done?

Answer 15

after changes are made to the software

Question 16

What is a Unit?

Answer 16

One or more contiguous program statements, with a name that other parts of the software use to call it

Question 17

What is a module?

Answer 17

A collection of related units that are assembled in a file, package, or class.

Question 18

Given that Object Oriented software blurs the lines between units and modules,
what are the variations of testing levels in OO programming?

Answer 18

• Intramethod testing
• Intermethod testing
• Intraclass testing
• Interclass testing

Question 19

What are Beizer Testing Levels?

Answer 19

Categorization of levels based on the test process maturity level of an organization.
Each level is characterized by the goal of the test engineers, and is numbered 0 - 4.

Question 20

What characterized Beizer Testing Level 0?

Answer 20

The view that testing is the same as debugging

Question 21

What characterized Beizer Testing Level 1?

Answer 21

The purpose of testing is to show correctness. (An impossibility)

Question 22

What characterized Beizer Testing Level 2?

Answer 22

The purpose of testing is to show failures (Puts developers and testers in an adversarial relationship, and no real stopping rules)

Question 23

What characterized Beizer Testing Level 3?

Answer 23

The realization that testing can show the presence, but not the absence, of failures. Acceptance of the factthat whenever we use software, we incur some risk.

Question 24

What characterized Beizer Testing Level 4?

Answer 24

Defining testing as a mental discipline that increases quality.

Question 25

What is the difference between revenue tasks and excise tasks?

Answer 25

Revenue tasks contribute directly to the solution of a problem, while excise tasks do not.

Question 26

What type of tasks are best for automation?

Answer 26

Excise tasks

Question 27

What are the benefits of automation?

Answer 27

- Elimination of drudgery - Free up Testing Engineer time for Revenue Tasks - Eliminate errors of ommission - Eliminate some test quality variance caused by engineers abilities.

Question 28

What is validation?

Answer 28

The process of evaluating software at the end of software development to ensure compliance with intended usage.

Question 29

What is verification?

Answer 29

The process of determining whether the products of a given phase of the software development process fulfill the requirements established during the previous phase.

Question 30

What is a software fault?

Answer 30

A static defect in the software.

Question 31

What is a software error?

Answer 31

An incorrect internal state that is the manifestation of some fault.

Question 32

What is a software failure?

Answer 32

External, incorrect behavior with respect to the requirements or other description of the expected behavior.

Question 33

What is the formal definition of debugging?

Answer 33

The process of finding a fault given a failure

Question 34

What does the acronym IV&V stand for?

Answer 34

Independent Verification and Validation, Independent meaning the evaluation is done by nondevelopers.

Question 35

What is an Error State?

Answer 35

A state is in error simply if it is not the expected state, even if all of the values in the state, considered in isolation, are acceptable.

Question 36

What is the RIP Model?

Answer 36

states that three conditions must be present for a failure to be observed; - Reachability (Location(s) in the program that contain the fault must be reached - Infection (the state of the program must be incorrect) - Propogation (The infected state must propagate to cause some output of the program to be incorrect )

Question 37

What is the formal definition of Test Requirement?

Answer 37

A specific element of a software artifact that a test case must satisfy or cover.

Question 38

What is the formal definition of Coverage Criteria?

Answer 38

A rule or collection of rules that impose test requirements on a test set.

Question 39

What is the formal definition of Coverage?

Answer 39

Given a set of test requirements T R for a coverage criterion C, a test set T satisfies C if and only if for every test requirement tr in T R, at least one test t in T exists such that t satisfies tr.

Question 40

What is a Recognizer?

Answer 40

A coverage analysis tool, it is a procedure that decides whether a given set of test case values satisfies a criterion.

Question 41

What is a Generator?

Answer 41

A procedure/tool that automatically generates test case values to satisfy a criterion

Question 42

What is Criteria Subsumption?

Answer 42

A coverage criterion C1 subsumes C2 if and only if every test set that satisfies criterion C1 also satisfies C2.

Question 43

Assuming that software can be viewed as a tree of software procedures, what is top down testing?

Answer 43

Test the main procedure, then go down through procedures it calls, and so on.

Question 44

Assuming that software can be viewed as a tree of software procedures, what is bottom-up testing?

Answer 44

Test the leaves in the tree (procedures that make no calls), and move up to the root.