Ch. 1: Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health

Question 1

What is the most important factor when it comes to why we eat what we eat?

Answer 1

Flavor, texture, and appearance

Question 2

How can parents create a strong foundation for their children in getting them to eat healthy food?

Answer 2

By exposing them to healthy food in early childhood.

Question 3

Why are potatoes and tomatoes the most commonly paid for vegetable in America?

Answer 3

Because of the popularity of French fries and pizza.

Question 4

________ ________ influences the onset of eating disorders.

Answer 4

Mass media

Question 5

What does the law require chain restaruants to do?

Answer 5

To supply nutrition information for their foods upon request

Question 6

What tends to be the number two reason why people eat what they do?

Answer 6

Cost and economics

Question 7

Which class of Americans tend to pay the most attention to good nutrition?

Answer 7

Middle-class

Question 8

How does hunger differ from appetite?

Answer 8

Hunger is the biological drive/need to eat, while appetite is the psychological drive to eat, which is more influenced by environmental factors.

Question 9

Fulfilling both our hunger and appetite brings us into a state of _________.

Answer 9

Satiety

Question 10

The feeding center and satiety center are in a region of the brain called the __________.

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

The feeding center and satiety center in the brain works kind of like a ___________.

Answer 11

Tug-of-war

Question 12

Memories of pleasant taste and feelings reinforce __________.

Answer 12

Appetite

Question 13

When food is abundant, which mechanism tends to drive more eating: hunger or appetite?

Answer 13

Appetite

Question 14

Food consumption is a mix of __________ and __________ influences.

Answer 14

Biological and social

Question 15

What is nutrition?

Answer 15

The science that links food to health.

Question 16

What does food provide to the body, unlike nutrients?

Answer 16

It provides the energy (calories) as well as the compounds needed to build and maintain all body cells.

Question 17

What are nutrients?

Answer 17

Substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life.

Question 18

What is needed for a substance to be considered an “essential nutrient?”

Answer 18

It has to have a biological function. Without it, biological function can decline.

Question 19

Why is it important to study nutrition?

Answer 19

Because it will help you make informed decisions about the foods you eat and their relationship to your health.

Question 20

A healthy eating pattern is defined as one with a high proportion of __________

Answer 20

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, proteins, and dairy

Question 21

What are the three leading causes of death in which the dietary pattern plays a part?

Answer 21

Heart disease, cancer, and stroke

Question 22

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Answer 22

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 23

What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Answer 23

Macronutrients are needed in large amounts, unlike micronutrients.

Question 24

What are the two kinds of carbohydrates?

Answer 24

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

Question 25

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 25

They help satisfy the calorie needs of our body cells

Question 26

What is the difference between simple sugars and complex carbohydrates?

Answer 26

Simple sugars combine to make complex carbohydrates.

Question 27

What happens when the body doesn't get enough carbohydrates?

Answer 27

It is forced to make glucose from proteins, which isn't healthy.

Question 28

What do lipids (fats and oils) do?

Answer 28

They provide energy and are the main form for energy storage in the body.

Question 29

What are essential fatty acids and why are they important?

Answer 29

They're key fats that the body cannot produce; they help regulate blood pressure and help repair vital cell parts.

Question 30

What do proteins do?

Answer 30

They serve as the main strutural material for the body.

Question 31

What happens with excess protein that our body doesn't need?

Answer 31

It is converted to and stored as fat

Question 32

What do vitamins do?

Answer 32

They help enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body

Question 33

Vitamins are divided into two groups: _________ and __________

Answer 33

Fat-soluable and water-soluable

Question 34

What are minerals?

Answer 34

Structural simple, inorganic substances that do not contain carbon atoms

Question 35

What do minerals help with?

Answer 35

Various cellular processes, such as nervous system functioning, water balance, etc.

Question 36

Minerals are divided into two groups. What are they?

Answer 36

Major minerals and trace minerals

Question 37

What does water do for the body?

Answer 37

It helps transport nutrients and waste and helps regulate temperature

Question 38

What are phytochemicals?

Answer 38

Chemicals that are not essential nutrients, but provide significant health benefits

Question 39

On a daily basis, we consume _ pound(s) of protein, fat, and carbohydrates combined.

Answer 39

1

Question 40

________ determines how each cell uses the essential nutrients to perform body functions.

Answer 40

DNA

Question 41

What is a calorie?

Answer 41

The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

Question 42

What is a Calorie?

Answer 42

The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1,000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius

Question 43

What are the seven steps of the scientific method?

Answer 43

Observation, Hypothesis, review literature, experimentation, draw conclusions, report findings, and conduct more research to confirm

Question 44

What is a systematic review?

Answer 44

A thorough analysis of the results of all available studies in a particular area

Question 45

What is a randomized control trial?

Answer 45

A type of study where an experimental group is compared to a control group.

Question 46

What is a cohort study?

Answer 46

Observational studies that look at large groups of people and examine their exposure to certain risk factors for disease

Question 47

What is a case-control study?

Answer 47

A type of study where one studies an individual with a certain condition to someone who doesn't have it.

Question 48

Surveys indicate that we could improve our eating patterns by increasing which types of food sources?

Answer 48

Fruits and vegetables

Question 49

The consumption of which types of foods should be reduced to attain and maintain good health?

Answer 49

"Junk" foods

Question 50

What are two benefits seen in alcohol consumption?

Answer 50

Decreased risk of cancer and enhanced brain function

Question 51

What are two consequences seen in alcohol consumption?

Answer 51

Contributes to weight gain and damages the liver

Question 52

What is the CAGE questionaire?

Answer 52

A questionaire used to identify alcohol use disorders

Question 53

The dietary guidelines recommend that which groups refrain from alcohol consumption?

Answer 53

People who are underage, people with certain health conditions, and women who are pregnant