Ch. 1 - Origins of Brain and Behavior

Question 1

bilateral symmetry

Question 2

brainstem

Answer 2

Central structure of the brain (including the hindbrain, midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus) that is responsible for most life-sustaining, unconscious behavior.

Question 3

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord, which together mediate behavior.

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

Major brainstem structure specialized for learning and coordinating
movements; assists the cerebrum in generating many behaviors.

Question 5

cerebrum (forebrain)

Answer 5

Major structure of the forebrain that consists of two mirror-image
hemispheres (left and right) and is responsible for most conscious
behavior.

Question 6

chordate

Answer 6

Animal that has both a brain and a spinal cord.

Question 7

cladogram

Answer 7

Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting a taxonomy of
organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches
arise.

Question 8

clinical trial

Answer 8

Consensual experiment directed toward developing a treatment.

Question 9

common ancestor

Question 10

concussion

Question 11

connectome

Question 12

culture

Question 13

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 13

Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a
targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to produce or facilitate
behavior.

Question 14

dualism

Question 15

embodied behavior

Answer 15

Theory that the movements we make and the movements we perceive in
others are central to communication with others.

Question 16

encephalization quotient (EQ)

Question 17

epigenetics

Question 18

ganglia

Answer 18

Collection of nerve cells that functions somewhat like a brain.

Question 19

genotype

Question 20

glial cell

Answer 20

brain cells that support the function of the neurons. (86B)

Question 21

hemisphere

Question 22

hominid

Question 23

locked-in syndrome

Answer 23

Condition in which a patient is aware and awake but cannot move or
communicate verbally because of complete paralysis of nearly all
voluntary muscles except the eyes.

Question 24

materialism

Question 25

meme

Question 26

mentalism

Question 27

mind–body problem

Question 28

minimally conscious state (MCS)

Answer 28

Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviors, such as smiling or uttering a few words, but is otherwise not conscious.

Question 29

natural selection

Question 30

neoteny

Question 31

nerve net

Answer 31

Simple nervous system that has no center but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles.

Question 32

neuron

Answer 32

``` brain cells specialized in that they interconnect with each other and with the muscles and organs of the body with fibers that can extend over long distance (87B, so 1/2 of all brain cells) ```

Question 33

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 33

All the neurons in the body outside the brain and spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the central nervous system.

Question 34

persistent vegetative state (PVS)

Answer 34

Condition in which a person is alive but unaware, unable to communicate or to function independently at even the most basic level.

Question 35

phenotype

Question 36

plasticity

Question 37

psyche

Question 38

segmentation

Answer 38

Division into a number of parts that are similar; refers to the idea that many animals, including vertebrates, are composed of similarly organized body segments.

Question 39

species

Question 40

species-typical behavior

Question 41

topographic

Question 42

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Answer 42

a wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head or a concussion