Ch. 1: OT Treatment in Rehab, Disability, & Participation Flashcards
Preoccupation
Extreme or excessive concern with something; focused on something (obsessed) other than the task at hand
Occupation
Meaningful, purposeful activity; important daily tasks; functional life activities
Treatment Continuum
Begins with the onset of of injury or disability and ends with the restoration of the patient to maximal independence
Treatment Continuum STAGE 1
Adjunctive Methods
- Help to prepare for engagement in activity
- Ex. AROM, PROM, positioning, sensory integration, braces/splints, etc.
Treatment Continuum STAGE 2
Enabling Activities
- Not meaningful or purposeful to patients but will help them prepare to perform more functional activities
- Ex. fine motor board, driving simulator, table top activities, etc.
Treatment Continuum STAGE 3
Purposeful Activities
- Goal that is relevant and meaningful to the patient
- Determined by the individual performing it and the context in which it is performed
- Want to use for EVERYTHING
Treatment Continuum STAGE 4
Occupational Performance and Occupational Roles
- Assume roles in the living environment and community
Model of Human Occupations (MOHO)
Human beings have intrinsic motivation to explore, interact with and master their environment
- Individuals cannot be separated from the environment; they interact with one another
- Holistic model vs. reductionist model
What are the 3 subsystems of Human Occupation
- Volition
- Habituation
- Performance Capacity and “Lived Body”
What is VOLITION?
Motivation
- Personal causation- refers to the person’s beliefs about personal effectiveness; locus of control (internal or external)
- Values- what is meaningful and important
- Interests- what is satisfying and interesting
What is HABITUATION?
- Habits- conserve energy, free up cortical space
- Internalized roles- common roles that are personalized by the individual
- Role change or transition- occurs as life moves forward and the person grows; roles may change due to illness or disability
What is PERFORMANCE CAPACITY & “LIVED BODY”?
- Ability to participate in activities
- Subjective experience and beliefs about capabilities
Lived body- “the experience of being and knowing the world through a particular body”; perception of activities changes when the body is disabled
biomechanical approach
Considers the human body as a living machine
- Techniques in this approach derive from kinetics (the science of motions of objects and the forces acting on them) and statics (study of forces acting on objects at rest)
- Goal is to evaluate specific physical limitations in ROM, strength, and endurance, restore those functions, and prevent or reduce deformity
- Most appropriate for patients whose CNS is INTACT but have lower motor neuron or orthopedic disorders (ex. arthritis, osteoarthritis, amputations, fractures, MD, & nerve injuries)
- Focuses on physical skills and body structures and functions that support them
sensorimotor approach
Treatment of patients who have CNS DYSFUNCTION
- Damaged CNS cannot coordinate and produce movement smoothly or with ease
- Approaches use NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC mechanisms to normalize muscle tone and elicit more normal motor responses
- Also uses reflex mechanisms and motor learning
rehabilitation approach
Uses measures that enable a person to live as independently as possible despite residual disabilities
- Assumes patient is active, involved, and a contributing member of rehab team
- Addresses most of the elements of MOHO
