Ch. 1 Science of Biology

Question 1

In comparative anatomy, structures that have the same evolutionary origin but differ in structure/function are…?

Answer 1

Homologous structure

Question 2

In a chemical reaction, what is the loss of an electron called?

Answer 2

Oxidation

Question 3

A molecule with the same molecular formula but different carbon skeleton structure is called a…?

Answer 3

Structural isomer

Question 4

What is the bond that forms between nucleotides?

Answer 4

phosphodiester bond

Question 5

What level of protein structure is the final folded shape made and gives it function?

Answer 5

Tertiary

Question 6

Define Biology

Answer 6

The study of life

Question 7

What defines simple definition?

Answer 7

Life

Question 8

What’re the characteristics of all living organisms? (hint there’s 7)

Answer 8

1) Cellular organization
2)Ordered complexity
3) Sensitivity to the environment
4) Growth, development, and reproduction
5) Energy utilization
6) Homeostasis
7) Evolutionary Adaption

Question 9

What are the hierarchy’s of living systems? (hint: there’s 5)

Answer 9

1) cellular level
2) organismal level
3) Population level
4) Ecosystem level
5) Biosphere

Question 10

Define Tissues

Answer 10

group of similar cells that act as a functional unit

Question 11

Define Organs

Answer 11

groups of similar tissues that act as a structural and functional unit

Question 12

Define organ systems

Answer 12

Collection of organs that all work together to complete various functions

Question 13

What does science aim to do?

Answer 13

Understand the natural world through observation and reasoning

Question 14

Is science purely descriptive?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What’s deductive reasoning?

Answer 15

using general reasoning to make specific predictions

Question 16

What’s inductive reasoning?

Answer 16

uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

Question 17

What’s the scientific method?

Answer 17

observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

Question 18

Can a hypothesis ever be true?

Answer 18

No, it can only be supported

Question 19

What’s a hypothesis?

Answer 19

possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question

Question 20

What’s a prediction?

Answer 20

a statement about what you think an outcome of a specific experiment is

Question 21

If an experiment has inconsistent results, what happens to the hypothesis?

Answer 21

It gets thrown out

Question 22

What’s an independent variable?

Answer 22

The one condition in the experiment that is tested/changes.

Question 23

What’s a dependent variable?

Answer 23

What you’re measuring

Question 24

What’s a control variable?

Answer 24

The thing that is kept the same

Question 25

What's a test group?

Answer 25

A group having the experiment done on them

Question 26

What's a control group?

Answer 26

The group you keep everything the same. They are what you compare to results.

Question 27

What is reductionism?

Answer 27

reduction of complex systems to simpler components

Question 28

What's the fault in reductionism?

Answer 28

Breaking down into simpler parts don't equal the overall function of something

Question 29

What does systems biology focus on? What does it use?

Answer 29

Focuses on emergent properties not understood by viewing simpler parts. Uses models

Question 30

What do models do?

Answer 30

Organize thought, show how parts fit together, suggest further experiments

Question 31

What's scientific theory?

Answer 31

A body of interconnected concepts supported by many experimental evidence and scientific reasoning; expresses ideas of most certainty

Question 32

What's the general public's idea of theory?

Answer 32

A lack of knowledge/educated guess in which we know nothing

Question 33

What does basic research do? Where does it get conducted?

Answer 33

Intends to extend the boundaries of what we know and is conducted in labs at a uni or research facility

Question 34

What lays the foundation for applied research?

Answer 34

basic research

Question 35

What's applied research? Where's it conducted?

Answer 35

Gets utilized in the industry and may involve manufacture of goods

Question 36

What's the theory of evolution?

Answer 36

All of today's species have evolved from simple life forms that first started to develop over 3 billion years ago

Question 37

What did Darwin contribute to the theory of evolution?

Answer 37

Natural selection

Question 38

What's oxidation?

Answer 38

Loss of electrons

Question 39

What's reduction?

Answer 39

Gain of electrons

Question 40

What's a cation?

Answer 40

A positively charged ion

Question 41

What's an anion?

Answer 41

A negatively charged ion

Question 42

What's cohesion?

Answer 42

water molecules stick to itself

Question 43

What's adhesion?

Answer 43

Water sticks to other things

Question 44

What's the basic unit of life?

Answer 44

Cells

Question 45

What's a population?

Answer 45

All members of ONE species in a community

Question 46

What's a species?

Answer 46

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce to give fertile offspring

Question 47

What's a biological community?

Answer 47

all populations of different species living in one place together

Question 48

What are emergent properties?

Answer 48

a characteristic an entity gains when it becomes part of a bigger system

Question 49

What's biodiversity?

Answer 49

variety of life within an ecosystem

Question 50

What's science concerned with?

Answer 50

Developing an increasingly accurate understanding of our world using scientific reason and observation

Question 51

True or False? All science in a constant state of change.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Which scientist stated that population in plants and animals increased geometrically and humans food grew arthmetically?

Answer 52

Thomas Malthus

Question 53

What's natural selection?

Answer 53

the theory that states that the organisms best adapted to their environment have a better chance of surviving and reproducing

Question 54

What's artificial selection?

Answer 54

When humans cause intentional selection

Question 55

Who did experiments with pea plants to explain heredity?

Answer 55

Gregor Mendel

Question 56

What's homologous?

Answer 56

things with bones w/ same evolutionary origin but now different in structure/function

Question 57

What's analogous?

Answer 57

similar functioning bones but, different evolutionary origins

Question 58

What are the 5 core concepts in biology?

Answer 58

1) life is subject to chemical and physical laws 2) structure determines function 3) living systems transform energy and matter 4) living systems depend on information transactions 5) Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life

Question 59

What's a genome?

Answer 59

The complete set of genes in a cell

Question 60

Why is DNA important to biological systems?

Answer 60

B/c it encodes the information for making a new individual

Question 61

What was the significance of Pasteur's experiment?

Answer 61

To prove that cells can only arise from other cells

Question 62

Where are single celled organisms found?

Answer 62

Bacteria and archaea

Question 63

What's an Archaea?

Answer 63

group of micro-organisms like bacteria

Question 64

What's an atom?

Answer 64

smallest unit of matter and building blocks of matter

Question 65

What's a molecule?

Answer 65

A group of atoms bonded together

Question 66

What's an organelle?

Answer 66

Specialized subunits of the cell that have a particular function

Question 67

What are 4 examples of multicellular cells?

Answer 67

1) animals 2) plants 3) fungi 4) algae