Ch. 1: The Culturally Competent Counselor

Question 1

The first three forces, as they are called, of counseling

Answer 1

psychodynamic, behaviorism, and existentialism/humanism

Question 2

4 & 5 Forces of Counseling

Answer 2

Multicultural Counseling & Social Advocacy

Question 3

may be defined as counseling that actively considers the influence of the counselor and client’s cultural identities on the counseling relationship, process, and outcome

Answer 3

Multicultural Counseling

Question 4

the degree to which individuals identify themselves as belonging to subgroups of various cultural groups or categories, is influenced by their experiences with others within and outside of a particular cultural category

Answer 4

Cultural Identity

Question 5

consists of the shared values, practices, social norms, and worldviews associated with a particular cultural group or individual.

Answer 5

Culture

Question 6

refers to commonalities shared by all cultures and, in fact, all humankind (e.g., use of language as a method of communication, establishment of social norms, bodily functions, physiological fear responses).

Answer 6

Universal Culture

Question 7

involves the characteristics shared by a cultural group or subgroup (e.g., Asian Americans, women, individuals raised in the southern United States, those living in poverty).

Answer 7

Group Culture

Question 8

consists of those behaviors, attitudes, and cognitions which are unique to specific individuals

Answer 8

Individual Culture

Question 9

is the narrow and rigid view of other cultural groups that ensues when one uses one’s own cultural groups as a reference and standard of normality

Answer 9

Ethnocentricism, Cultural Encapsulation

Question 10

conceptualization of one’s relationship with the world

Answer 10

Worldview

Question 11

refers to the system that individuals believe is accountable for things that happen to them

Answer 11

Locus of Responsibility

Question 12

An _____ locus of responsibility (_R) refers to the idea that success (or failure) is viewed as the result of individuals’ own doings.

Answer 12

Internal

Question 13

An _____ locus of responsibility (_R) refers to the notion that the social environment is responsible for what happens to individuals.

Answer 13

External

Question 14

represents the degree of control that individuals perceive they have over their environment

Answer 14

Locus of Control

Question 15

An ____ locus of control (_C) refers to the belief that consequences are dependent on individuals’ actions

Answer 15

Internal

Question 16

An ____ locus of control (_C) refers to the notion that consequences result by chance and are outside individuals’ control.

Answer 16

External

Question 17

A multicultural orientation or the extent to which counselors value the role of culture in individuals’ lives and can be open to “otherness” in their work. Cultural humility is a process-oriented and critical stance to cultural learning within self and others

Answer 17

Cultural Humility

Question 18

is a mental or physical impairment that affects at least one of an individual’s daily activities. Individuals with disabilities often face discrimination referred to as ableism.

Answer 18

Disability

Question 19

refers to the shared characteristics of culture, religion, and language, to name a few, with which a group may identify.

Answer 19

Ethnicity

Question 20

a common component of ethnicity, refers to one’s nation of origin, such as France, Kenya, China, or pre-Columbian America.

Answer 20

Nationality

Question 21

perspective focuses on the universal qualities common to all cultures and on aspects of counseling that are generalizable across cultures

Answer 21

Etic

Question 22

perspective involves viewing each client as an individual and evaluating the client by using norms from within the client’s culture while acknowledging individual expressions of those norms

Answer 22

Emic

Question 23

refers to the biological distinctions between males and females (e.g., hormonal and anatomical differences),

Answer 23

Sex

Question 24

is the expression of social identities (i.e., boy, girl, man, woman

Answer 24

Gender

Question 25

that describe behaviors deemed appropriate by a particular culture for boys/men and girls/women.

Answer 25

Gender Roles

Question 26

refers to the alignment of one’s current gender identity and their biological sex of which they were born.

Answer 26

Cisgender

Question 27

are the normative expressions of stereotypical and socially accepted behaviors for men and women

Answer 27

Masculinity & Femininity

Question 28

is the blending of masculinity and femininity

Answer 28

Androgyny

Question 29

refers to clusters of age groups within a particular social and historical context

Answer 29

Generational Status

Question 30

s the notion that our behaviors and attitudes are guided by incentives that promote self-determination or independence

Answer 30

Individualism

Question 31

refers to the idea that decisions, and thus what is deemed important, are based on the betterment of others, such as community or family members.

Answer 31

Collectivism

Question 32

refers to the often unconscious and unearned power, access to resources, advantage, and social position based on cultural group memberships.

Answer 32

Privilege

Question 33

lack of power, inaccessibility of resources, disadvantage, and marginalized social status

Answer 33

Oppression

Question 34

is the arbitrary, socially constructed classification of individuals and is often based on physical distinctions such as skin color, hair texture, facial form, and shape of the eye.

Answer 34

Race, Racial Group membership

Question 35

refers to sexual or affectional attraction to the same or opposite gender, or both.

Answer 35

Sexual Orientation

Question 36

describes the degree of identification with a particular sexual orientation

Answer 36

Sexual Identity

Question 37

refers to the promotion of an idea, policy, or cause that betters the lives of those who experience oppression.

Answer 37

Social Advocacy

Question 38

is the realization of a just and equitable world for all individuals

Answer 38

Social Justice

Question 39

is typically indicated by household income, education level, occupational status, use of public assistance, and access to health care

Answer 39

SES

Question 40

refers to the connections individuals have with themselves and the universe as a whole

Answer 40

Spirituality

Question 41

an organizing construct of spirituality, consists of the behaviors and practices of individuals’ faith

Answer 41

Religion

Question 42

are those who are forced to flee their home country due to war or other violence or political persecution;

Answer 42

Refugees

Question 43

Share characteristics with refugees, although they have not received a refugee status and accompanying protections and aid

Answer 43

Asylum Seekers

Question 44

are those who move from place to place, usually for economic reasons such as seasonal work

Answer 44

Migrants

Question 45

include beliefs about the counselor personally and professionally, as well as those perspectives related to the counseling process and outcome

Answer 45

Attitudinal Factors

Question 46

involve systemic barriers that make counseling disproportionately available to different clients.

Answer 46

Structural Factors