a positively charged electrode
anode
the number of protons in an atoms nucleus
atomic number
a negatively charged electrode
cathode
a method of transporting energy through space, distinguished by wavelength, frequency, and energy
electromagnetic radiation
a negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus
electron
a process in which an electron is moved to a higher energy level within the atom
excitation
the ability of a substance to emit visible light
fluorescence
the number of cycles of the wave that pass a stationary point in a second
frequency
electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus of radioactive substances
gamma rays
electromagnetic radiation, beyond the red end of the visible spectrum, characterized by long wavelengths
infrared rays
a process in which an outer electron is removed from the atom so that the atom is left positively charged
ionization
a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
a bundle of radiant energy
photons (quanta)
a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom
proton
electromagnetic radiation, beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum, that is characterized by short wavelengths
ultraviolet rays
an area from which all air has been removed
vacuum
the distance between two consecutive corresponding points on a wave
wavelength
who discovered X-rays
wilhelm conrad roentgen
what was on the first x-ray
his wifes hand
who was the true discoverer of x-rays
professor goodspeed
what are x-rays
wavelike forms of electromanetic radiation carried by particles (photons)
how do x-rays travel
in straight lines
what does the amount of absorption of an x-ray depend on
atomic number, physical density of the object, and energy of x-rays
what do x-rays do to the substance they pass through
excite or ionize the atoms
what is a common target material
tungsten
bremsstrahlung aka
breaking radiation
what does the glass vacuum tube contain
an electrode pair
what does the electrical current heat
filament in the cathode
“boiling off” of electrons from cathode filament
thermionic emission
how much of E+ created at the target converts to heat
99%
how much of E+ is converted into x-ray photon
1%
