ch. 1 theory and equipment Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in ch. 1 theory and equipment Deck (31)
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1
Q

a positively charged electrode

A

anode

2
Q

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

A

atomic number

3
Q

a negatively charged electrode

A

cathode

4
Q

a method of transporting energy through space, distinguished by wavelength, frequency, and energy

A

electromagnetic radiation

5
Q

a negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus

A

electron

6
Q

a process in which an electron is moved to a higher energy level within the atom

A

excitation

7
Q

the ability of a substance to emit visible light

A

fluorescence

8
Q

the number of cycles of the wave that pass a stationary point in a second

A

frequency

9
Q

electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus of radioactive substances

A

gamma rays

10
Q

electromagnetic radiation, beyond the red end of the visible spectrum, characterized by long wavelengths

A

infrared rays

11
Q

a process in which an outer electron is removed from the atom so that the atom is left positively charged

A

ionization

12
Q

a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom

A

neutron

13
Q

a bundle of radiant energy

A

photons (quanta)

14
Q

a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom

A

proton

15
Q

electromagnetic radiation, beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum, that is characterized by short wavelengths

A

ultraviolet rays

16
Q

an area from which all air has been removed

A

vacuum

17
Q

the distance between two consecutive corresponding points on a wave

A

wavelength

18
Q

who discovered X-rays

A

wilhelm conrad roentgen

19
Q

what was on the first x-ray

A

his wifes hand

20
Q

who was the true discoverer of x-rays

A

professor goodspeed

21
Q

what are x-rays

A

wavelike forms of electromanetic radiation carried by particles (photons)

22
Q

how do x-rays travel

A

in straight lines

23
Q

what does the amount of absorption of an x-ray depend on

A

atomic number, physical density of the object, and energy of x-rays

24
Q

what do x-rays do to the substance they pass through

A

excite or ionize the atoms

25
Q

what is a common target material

A

tungsten

26
Q

bremsstrahlung aka

A

breaking radiation

27
Q

what does the glass vacuum tube contain

A

an electrode pair

28
Q

what does the electrical current heat

A

filament in the cathode

29
Q

“boiling off” of electrons from cathode filament

A

thermionic emission

30
Q

how much of E+ created at the target converts to heat

A

99%

31
Q

how much of E+ is converted into x-ray photon

A

1%