what type of radiation is hazardous
ionizing
what happens to the fetus if exposed to radiation from 0-9 days
kills fetus
what happens to the fetus if exposed to radiation from 10 days-6 weeks
deformities or retardation
what are the 2 types of biologic damage due to overexposure
somatic and genetic
what is somatic damage
damage done to body within lifetime
what are the CS of somatic damage
cancer, cataracts, aplastic anemia, sterility
what is genetic damage
damage or injury to genes of reproductive cells
what are the CS of radiation poisening
GI flu-like symptoms
how can you get radiation dermititis
lack of gloves with hands exposed to the beam
single exposure to ___rad or __Gy is lethal in humans
300;3
what does MPD stand for
maximum permissible dose
amount of radiation a person can recieve in a given period
maximum permissible dose
who ensures procedures and equipment is adequate
NCRP
what doe NCRP stand for
national committee on radiation protection and measurements
what does ALARA stand for
as low as reasonably achievable
what does rad stand for
radiation absorbed dose
what are the 2 amounts of radiation received
absorbed dose and dose equivalent
the quantity of energy given off to matter
absorbed dose
unit of measurment of absorbed dose
Gy; gray
quantity of radiation per unit of mass taking into consideration the biologic effect on specific tissue types
dose equivelent
what is the unit of measurement of dose equivelent
Sv; severt
what was the old name for Sv
rem
how many rem =1Sv
100
MPD per year for non-occupaional individuals
0.005Sv/year
MPD per year for occupational individuals
0.05 Sv/year
how can you decrease patient exposure
avoid retakes, collimate beam, gonad sheild
ability to monitor amount of radiation received
dosimetry
personal monitoring device
dosimeter
what is the most common PMD
film badge
how often is a film badge handed in most commonly
monthly
what has a charged ion chamber and can be read instantly
pocket ionization chamber
what are the 2 crystals contained in a thermoluminescent dosimeter
calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride
what PMD does VTI use
instadose
where can personnel exposure occur
primary beam, secondary radiation, leakage from tube
where can scatter come from
patient, table, high kVp
how often should you visually inspect PPE
every use
how often should PPE be radiographed
annually
how much lead is in PPE
0.5 mm
what gives a “live view” of internal anatomy
fluoroscopy
what should never be done during fluoroscopy
palpate area of interest or replace traditional radiogaphy
what cells are most sensitive to adiation
growth, gonad, neoplastic, metabalically active
what cells react slightly to radiation
bone, lymph, dermis, hemapoitic
what are the 6 safe operating procedures
technique chart, positioning aids, PPE, docimiter, emergancy plan, quality control
what 3 things are required when taking radiographs
decrease exposure time, increase distance from source, increase PPE
