Ch 10

Question 1

what causes a stimulus to produce electrical signals (action potentials)?

Answer 1

electrical excitability

Question 2

what does it mean to shorten in length?

Answer 2

contractible

Question 3

what does it mean to extend or stretch?

Answer 3

extensible

Question 4

what can return to it’s original shape?

Answer 4

elastic

Question 5

what are the functions of muscular tissue?

Answer 5

produce body movement, stabilize, store and move substances, generate heat

Question 6

what attaches to and moves bones?

Answer 6

skeletal muscle

Question 7

what is found inside the walls of hallow organs, blood vessels, and airways?

Answer 7

smooth muscle

Question 8

what type of muscle forms the heat wall?

Answer 8

cardiac muscle

Question 9

what is a thick fascia that connects two muscle bellies?

Answer 9

aponeurosis

Question 10

what runs origin to insertion?

Answer 10

muscle fibers = muscle cells

Question 11

what is a sarcolemma?

Answer 11

plasma membrane

Question 12

what is the sarcoplasm?

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

what are the two types of filaments?

Answer 13

myosin and actin

Question 14

what are thick filaments?

Answer 14

myosin

Question 15

what are thin filaments?

Answer 15

actin

Question 16

what is a system of membranous sacs that surround each myofibril?

Answer 16

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

what does sarcoplasm reticulum do in relaxed muscle?

Answer 17

releases calcium and triggers muscle contraction

Question 18

what separates sarcomeres?

Answer 18

Z disc

Question 19

what is the line in the center of sarcomeres?

Answer 19

M line

Question 20

what is the dark area containing thick and thin filaments?

Answer 20

A band

Question 21

what is the light area, containing only thin filaments?

Answer 21

I band

Question 22

what is the center of the A band that contains thick filaments only?

Answer 22

H zone

Question 23

what filament is strung together like beads?

Answer 23

actin

Question 24

what are thin filaments?

Answer 24

actin

Question 25

what are thick filaments?

Answer 25

myosin

Question 26

what filament looks like golf clubs?

Answer 26

myosin

Question 27

what are troponin and tropomyosin?

Answer 27

regulatory proteins

Question 28

what extent from the Z disc to the M line, accounting for elasticity in myofibrils?

Answer 28

titin

Question 29

what stabilizes the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is deficient in muscular dystrophy?

Answer 29

dystrophin

Question 30

what are contractile proteins?

Answer 30

actin and myosin

Question 31

what generates force during contraction?

Answer 31

actin and myosin

Question 32

what are troponin and tropomyosin?

Answer 32

regulatory proteins

Question 33

what switches contraction processes off and on?

Answer 33

regulatory proteins

Question 34

what are structural proteins?

Answer 34

titin and dystrophin

Question 35

what keeps thick and thin filaments in proper alignment and contribute to stability, elasticity, and extensibility of myofibril?

Answer 35

structural proteins

Question 36

what is a nerve impulse that sends an electrical signal that probates (travels) along the surface of the membrane of a neuron?

Answer 36

action potential

Question 37

what is another name for a neuron?

Answer 37

nerve cell

Question 38

what is a change in the cells environment strong enough to initiate it's action potential?

Answer 38

stimulus

Question 39

what allows specific ions to flow in and out of cells and allows resting membrane to change?

Answer 39

an ion specific channel

Question 40

what does action potentials depend on?

Answer 40

resting membrane potential and ion specific channels

Question 41

what is the difference in the amount of electrical charge on the inside and outside of the cell?

Answer 41

membrane potential

Question 42

what charge are ions outside the surface of the membrane?

Answer 42

positive

Question 43

what charge are ions inside the surface of the membrane?

Answer 43

negative

Question 44

what is the resting membrane potential set at?

Answer 44

-70

Question 45

there are more ____ leak channels than ____.

Answer 45

potassium (K+), sodium (Na+)

Question 46

more ____ flows out that ____ comes in.

Answer 46

potassium (K+), sodium (Na+)

Question 47

what does polarized mean?

Answer 47

more negative inside

Question 48

what is a stimulus that isn't strong enough to cause an action potential?

Answer 48

a graded potential

Question 49

what does it mean to be less polarized?

Answer 49

negative membrane potential reverses (becomes positive)

Question 50

what travels a short distance?

Answer 50

a graded action potential

Question 51

what travels a long distance?

Answer 51

an action potential

Question 52

as the strength of the stimulus ____, the amplitude ____, this depolarization ____.

Answer 52

increases, increases, increases

Question 53

what happens when the number of stimuli increases, the amplitude increases, and depolarization increases?

Answer 53

summation

Question 54

what is the action potential threshold?

Answer 54

-55mv

Question 55

what occurs during the depolarizing phase?

Answer 55

negative membrane reverses (becomes positive)

Question 56

what happens in the depolarizing phase?

Answer 56

the membrane potential returns to it's original state (-70mv)

Question 57

what are the two types of propagation?

Answer 57

continuous conduction and saltatory conduction

Question 58

what kind of axons are in continuous conduction?

Answer 58

un-myelinated axons

Question 59

what kind of axons are in saltatory conduction?

Answer 59

myelinated axons

Question 60

which is faster: continuous conduction or saltatory condition?

Answer 60

saltatory conduction

Question 61

what happens in the excitatory postsynaptic potential (ESPS)?

Answer 61

depolarization - no action

Question 62

what happens in the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ISPS)?

Answer 62

hyper polarization - stops action potential

Question 63

what is the process in which graded potentials add together?

Answer 63

summation